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Agricultura Técnica
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
ISSN: 0365-2807
EISSN: 0365-2807
Vol. 62, No. 2, 2002, pp. 310-320
Bioline Code: at02030
Full paper language: Spanish
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

Agricultura Técnica, Vol. 62, No. 2, 2002, pp. 310-320

 es Evaluación de las Ventajas Relativas de la Vendimia Mecanizada en Chile Central
Troncoso, Javier C.; Riquelme, Jorge S.; Laurie, Felipe G. & Abarca, Juan G.

Resumen

Este estudio busca determinar las ventajas relativas de una cosecha mecánica de uva vinífera en comparación con la cosecha manual. Durante las vendimias de los años 1998 y 1999 se recogieron 20 muestras directamente de la tolva de una vendimiadora automotriz e igual número de muestras de las gamelas de cosechadores manuales, con el fin de analizar la calidad de la fruta que llegaba a la bodega con cada uno de estos sistemas de cosecha. Adicionalmente se tomaron datos de terreno relativos a la eficiencia de trabajo tanto de la vendimiadora como de cosechadores manuales. Todos estos datos se complementaron con muestras de cosechadora mecánica y de cosecha manual tomadas el mismo día en un mismo cuartel en la vendimia del año 2000, con el fin de hacer microvinificación y comparar los vinos resultantes. El estudio concluyó que la calidad de la materia prima cosechada con vendimiadora automotriz es menor que la obtenida mediante cosecha manual. No obstante, los vinos resultantes de ambos sistemas de cosecha son de calidad equivalente, aunque distinguibles por degustadores especializados. Una hora de vendimiadora automotriz, operada en la forma observada en los predios estudiados, permite reemplazar a 70,0 horas-hombre. No obstante, se observó que esta máquina está siendo trabajada fuera de la norma que establece la literatura especializada. Si se ajustara a la norma, la tasa de sustitución sería de solo 37,3 horas-hombre. El tamaño mínimo de plantación que justifica la adquisición de una vendimiadora automotriz es de 140 hectáreas.

Palabras-clave
calidad de fruta, tasa de sustitución, costos fijos y variables

 
 en Evaluation of the Relative Advantages of Mechanical Harvesting of Wine Grapes in Central Chile
Troncoso, Javier C.; Riquelme, Jorge S.; Laurie, Felipe G. & Abarca, Juan G.

Abstract

This study aims at determining the relative advantages of mechanical wine grape harvesting in comparison to handpicking. During the 1998 and 1999 harvests, 20 fruit samples were collected directly from the collectors of a self-propelled grape harvester and an equal number from the baskets of hand pickers, with the purpose of evaluating the quality of the fruit that was reaching the warehouse with each harvesting system. Additionally, field data were also collected relative to work efficiency for the harvester and pickers. All these data were complemented with samples taken from the mechanical harvester and hand pickers the same day and from the same vineyard block in the 2000 harvest, with the aim of determining differences in the quality of the wine resulting from the two harvesting systems. It was concluded that the quality of primary material harvested by mechanical harvesting is lower than that obtained via handpicking. However, the wines resulting from either system were rated of equivalent quality, although distinguishable by specialized tasters. One machine-hour, operated in the form observed in the vineyards studied, can replace 70 labor-hours. However, it is noted that this machinery is being operated above recommended standards in the technical literature. If machines were operated according to this standard, the substitution rate would fall to only 37.3 labor-hours. The minimum plantation size that justifies the purchase of a self-propelled winegrape harvester is 140 hectares.

Keywords
fruit quality, substitution rate, fixed and variable costs

 
© Copyright 2002 - Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chile)
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