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Agricultura Técnica
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
ISSN: 0365-2807
EISSN: 0365-2807
Vol. 66, No. 1, 2006, pp. 70-79
Bioline Code: at06008
Full paper language: Spanish
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

Agricultura Técnica, Vol. 66, No. 1, 2006, pp. 70-79

 es Efecto de capas endurecidas de suelos sobre el potencial productivo de viñedos, Alto Valle de Río Negro, Patagonia, Argentina
Apcarian, Alicia; del Echenique, María C.; Aruani, María C. & Reeb, Pablo

Resumen

En Aridisoles del Alto Valle de Río Negro, Argentina, se estudió el efecto de horizontes endurecidos sobre el potencial productivo de Vitis vinifera check for this species in other resources L., cultivares Merlot, Malbec y Cabernet Sauvignon. El trabajo se realizó durante la temporada 2002-2003 en 15,5 ha de viñedos. Se establecieron 61 sitios de muestreo. En vid se determinaron: peso/baya, n° racimos/planta, peso/racimo, producción/planta, sólidos solubles, acidez titulable, pH del mosto y las relaciones hollejo/pulpa y °Brix/peso baya. Se describieron los suelos midiéndose: tipo, espesor y profundidad de los horizontes, textura, resistencia a la penetración, profundidades de los moteados, a la grava y a la capa freática. Las variables edáficas fueron analizadas mediante componentes principales, explicando las 3 primeras el 67 % de la variabilidad. Esto permitió definir cinco grupos de suelos, establecer los valores medios de variables del suelo y cultivo para cada grupo, efectuándose un ANDEVA y una comparación de medias. La producción disminuyó significativamente (P<0,05), manifestando una tendencia a tener una calidad diferenciada, cuando los suelos poseen a una profundidad de 35 cm o menos, horizontes Btn y/o Ckx, extremadamente duros, con espesores mayores a 32 cm y resistencia a la penetración mayor a 3 MPa. Estas características fueron observadas en la mayoría de Natrargides durinódicos y en Haplocalcides ácuicos durinódicos, obteniéndose para el cv. Merlot rendimientos de 5.645 y 5.775 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Niveles de producción mayores se obtuvieron sobre Natrargides ácuicos (12.524,6 kg ha-1) y Haplocambides durinódicos y típicos (12.891,7 kg ha-1). Similar comportamiento se observó en los otros cultivares.

Palabras-clave
aridisoles, vid, Merlot, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, resistencia a la penetración, componentes principales.

 
 en Effect of soil hardened layers on productive potential of vineyards, Alto Valle of Rio Negro, Patagonia, Argentina
Apcarian, Alicia; del Echenique, María C.; Aruani, María C. & Reeb, Pablo

Abstract

On Aridisol in the Alto Valley of Rio Negro, Argentina, the effect of hardened soil horizons on productive potential of Vitis vinifera check for this species in other resources L., cv. Merlot, Malbec and Cabernet Sauvignon was studied. The study was performed during the 2002-2003 season in 15.5 ha of vineyards. Sixty-one sampling sites were established. Yield components (weight/grape, cluster number/vine, cluster weight, vine yield and yield/ha), and quality factors (soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH and berry skin/pulp relation and % soluble solid/berry weight) were determined on the vine. The soils were evaluated by measuring: type, thickness, and depth of the horizons, textural classes, and resistance to penetration, depths of mottles, the gravel and phreatic layers. The edaphic variables were analyzed using the principal components of soil, and 67% of the variability was explained by the three main components. This allowed the definition of five soil groups, and establishing mean soil values and vine variables for each group, via an ANOVA analysis and comparison of means. The production was significantly reduced (P< 0.05) with a tendency to have differentiated quality when soils have a depth of 35 cm or less, Btn or Ckx horizons, are extremely hard, with a thickness of 32 cm or more and resistance to penetration greater than 3MPa. These characteristics were observed in most of the Durinodic Natrargids and Aquic Durinodic Haplocalcid, with Merlot yields of 5,645 and 5,775 kg ha-1,respectively. Higher yields were obtained on Aquic Natrargids (12,524.6 kg ha-1), Durinodic and Typic Haplocambids (12,891.7 kg ha-1). Similar behavior was observed in other cultivars.

Keywords
aridisol, grapevine, Merlot, Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, resistance to penetration, principal components.

 
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