Prostate biopsy findings in Indian men: A hospital-based study

Aims: To review prostatic biopsy findings in Indian patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) attending the Urology department at a tertiary care hospital.
Settings and Design: A retrospective study of 119 patients, who underwent TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy, was conducted.
Materials and Methods: A total of 119 patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostatic biopsy were evaluated. Age, presentation, PSA, digital rectal examination, number of cores, and final histology were analyzed. Minimum 10 cores biopsies were performed in 109/119 (92%) and 12 cores in 92/119 (77%). Patients were stratified into three groups based on their PSA: 4-10 ng/ml (group I), 10-20 ng/ml (group II), and >20 ng/ml (group III).
Statistical Analysis: Unpaired t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were calculated using an Excel (Ver 2007) and online calculators (P < 0.05 significant).
Results: Mean age was 67.6 years. Inflammatory pathology (30/119) was common at all PSA levels. In men with negative DRE and PSA > 10 ng/ml, inflammatory pathology was more likely (Chi 4.2798, P = 0.039). Cancer was found in 29/119 biopsies (group I 2/28, group II 3/45, and group III 24/46). Patients with PSA > 20 ng/ml were more likely to show cancer. Precursor lesions were noted in 10/119 (8.4%). On univariate analysis age, PSA, and DRE all showed significant association with histologic cancer but on multiple logistic regression analysis, only PSA (OR 1.03, P = 0.0021) and DRE (OR 8.07, P = 0.0007) were predictive of cancer.
Conclusions: Cancer is less common and inflammatory lesions more common at all levels of PSA in our patients. The effect of antibiotics on PSA and biopsy in our patients needs to be explored.

Keywords
Adenocarcinoma prostate, digital rectal examination, histopathology, Indian men, prostate-specific antigen, transrectal ultrasonography