Extremely variable climatic conditions cause Botswana farmers
to plant after each significant rain. Various management
techniques, such as double ploughing, have been proposed to
reduce runoff and increase sorghum yields. SORKAM, a computer
growth model for sorghum, was used to estimate the potential
effects of the reduced runoff effect of double ploughing on
sorghum yields and yield stability for four locations (six
soils) and climatic data for 40 years. Simulated reduced
runoff increased sorghum yields up to 32% on a soil with about
50% clay. The smallest yield increase, 1%, was on a soil with
90% sand. Reduced runoff increased yields most on soils that
have higher water holding capacities, allowing greater water
storage. Although double ploughing, in general, would delay
the first planting and early planting had higher average
yields than late planting, no date of planting was optimum and
ranges in yield were great for all dates. Cumulative
frequency distributions showed that the advantage of reduced
runoff not only was dependent on location (water holding
capacity) but also on yield level. At all locations at low
yield levels, reduced runoff either decreased yield or
inceased the incidence of total crop failure.