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African Crop Science Journal
African Crop Science Society
ISSN: 1021-9730
EISSN: 1021-9730
Vol. 4, No. 4, 1996, pp. 383-391
Bioline Code: cs96079
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1996, pp. 383-391

 en Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield components in guinea sorghums
Toure, A.; Miller, F.R. & Rosenow, D.T.

Abstract

Relatively low yields of guinea sorghums have been a major obstacle for sustained progress in yield improvement of the race in West Africa. In an attempt to determine why guinea sorghums of West Africa display low yield potential, seven converted guinea, four zerazera, and two caudatum sorghums were crossed to three improved A-lines. Parents and hybrids were evaluated for heterosis, general and specific combining at Halfway and College Station, Texas during 1989 and 1990. In general, non-guineas were better combiners than guineas for grain yield and most of yield components. Both additive and nonadditive effects for grain yield were observed among guinea parents. The additive effects of non-guineas for grain yield were higher than those of guinea parents. Guineas showed low additive effects for grain yield, number of seeds per panicle, and seed size. Guinea sorghums seem to maintain a relative low grain yield by reducing the number of seeds per particle and the seed size. Most hybrids of guineas showed positive heterosis over the best parent for grain yield. This is an indication that guineas do possess some genes or factors contributing to high yield expression.

Keywords
Combining ability, guinea, sorghums, yield

 
 fr
Toure, A.; Miller, F.R. & Rosenow, D.T.

Résumé

Les rendements relativement faibles des sorghos guineas ont ete un obstacle majeur pour un progres durable de l'amelioration du rendement de la race en Afrique de l'Ouest. Dans l'intention de determiner pourquoi les sorghos guineas de l'Afrique de l'Ouest ont un potentiel de rendement faible, sept sorghos guineas convertis, quatre zerazera et trois caudatum ont ete croises a trois lignees A ameliorees. Les parents et les hybrides ont ete evalues pour l'heterosis, l'aptitude generale et specifique a la combinaison a Halfway et College Station, Texas en 1989 et 1990. En general, les sorghos non-guineas se sont mieux combines que les sorghos guineas pour le rendement grain et la plupart des composantes de rendement. Les effects additifs et non-additifs pour le rendement grain ont ete observes chez les parents guineas. Les effects additifs des sorghos non-guineas etaient plus eleves que ceux des parents guineas pour le rendement grain. Les parents guineas ont montre des effects additifs pour le rendement grain, le nombre de grains par panicule et la grosseur des graines. Les sorghos guineas semblent maintenir un rendement grain relativement faible en diminuant le nombre de graines par panicule et la grosseur des graines. La plupart des hybrides de parents guineas ont montre des effects positifs d'heterosis pour le rendement de grain compares a leur meilleur parent. Ce resultat est une indication que les sorghos guineas possedent quelques genes ou facteurs contribuant a l'expression de rendement eleve.

Mots Clés
Aptitute a la combinaison, guinea, sorghos, rendement

 
© Copyright 1996 - African Crop Science Society

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