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African Crop Science Journal
African Crop Science Society
ISSN: 1021-9730
EISSN: 1021-9730
Vol. 5, No. 3, 1997, pp. 295-302
Bioline Code: cs97036
Full paper language: English
Document type: Short Communication
Document available free of charge

African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1997, pp. 295-302

 en Incidence and damage caused by maize stemborers on farmers' fields in south western nigeria
Oigiangbe, O.N.; Ivbijaro, M.F.; Ewete, F.K. & Mutsaers, H.J.W.

Abstract

The incidence and damage of maize (Zea mays L.) by stemborers complex of Eldana saccharina Walker, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, Acigona (Syn = Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson) and Mussidia nigrivenella Roganot were assessed in 17 and 6 small-scale farmers' fields in southwestern Nigeria during the early and late cropping seasons of 1991, respectively. The incidence, numbers of borer larvae and pupae as well as the damage caused were significantly higher in the late compared to the early season. Eldana saccharina and S. calamistis were the most abundant species while A. ignefusalis and B. fusca occurred in lower numbers at harvest. Mussidia nigrivenella occurred only during the late season. Eldana saccharina (r=0.96) and S. calalmistis (r=0.88) caused the highest percentage stalk length damage while A. ignefusalis (r=0.76) and E. saccharina (r=0.53) accounted more for the percentage node damaged during the early season. During the late season, B. fusca significantly increased the percentage nodes damaged (r=-0.86) while A. ignefusalis significantly reduced yield (r=-0.998). Combining the data for the two seasons revealed that 94.8% of the variation in yield was accounted for by cob weight, percentage of node damaged, number of plants damaged and the incidence of stemborers per farm. The percentage length damaged accounted for 30.9% of the variance in cob weight, while the number of S. calamistis per stalk accounted for another 17.7%. Of the variance in cob weight, 18.7% were accounted for by the total number of stemborers per stalk. The need to further investigate factors affecting oviposition choice by female maize stembores is highlighted.

Keywords
Cob weight, Eldana saccharina, Mussidia nigrivenella, oviposition, Sesamia calamistis, stalk damage, Zea mays

 
 fr
Oigiangbe, O.N.; Ivbijaro, M.F.; Ewete, F.K. & Mutsaers, H.J.W.

Résumé

La frequence et les degets des foreuses des tiges du Mais, Eldana saccharina Walker, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, Acigona (Syn = Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson) et Mussidia nigrivenella Roganot ont ete evalues dans 17 et 6 champs de paysans du Nigeria, respectivement au debut et a la fin des saisons de culture en 1991. Cette evaluation fait partie d'un project visant a identifier les contraintes de la production du Mais dans la region. La frequence, le nombre de larves d'insectes et de chrysalides et les degets causes etaient sensiblement eleves a la fin de la saison de culture comparativement a ceuxs trouves au debut de la saison de culture. E. saccharina et S. calamistis etaient les especes les plus abondantes alors que A. ignefusalis et B. fusca se sont presentes en nombres reduits. Mussidia nigrivenella s'est presente seulement a la fin de la saison. E. saccharina (r=0,96) et S. calamistis (r=0,88) ont cause le pourcentage le plus eleve des degets de la tige alors que A. ignefusalis (r=0,76) et E. Saccharina (r=0,53) ont ete la cause d'un pourcentage plus eleve des degets du noeud au debut de la saison. B. fusca augmente sensiblement le rendement (r=0,90) et le nombre de pieds (r=0,96). En fin de saison, B. fusca, a sensiblement augmente le pourcentage des noeuds endommages (r=0,86) tandis que A. ignefusalis a reduit de facon significative la production (r=-0,998). Pour les deux saisons, 94,8% de variation de la prodution ont ete attribues aux poids des epis, au pourcentage des noeuds endommages au nombre de plantes attaquees et a l'incidence des insectes par champ. Le pourcentage de la longueur de la tige endommagee representait 30,9% de la variance entre les poids de l'epi, tandis que le nombre de S. calamistis par tige comptait par ailleurs pour 17,7% tandis que 18,7% de cette variance a cause par le nombre total d' insectes terebrants par tige. ll y a des lors lieu d'etudier les facteurs qui affectent le choix du lieu de ponte par les insectes femelles foreuses de tiges de mais.

Mots Clés
Poids de l'epi, Eldana saccharina, Mussidia nigrivenella, lieu de ponte, Sesamia calamistis, degets de la tige, Zea mays

 
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