Removal of Zn+2 Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Anabaena variabilis  : Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

Zinc ions are present in different types of industrial effluents, being responsible for environmental pollution. Biosorption is a process in which solids of natural origin are employed for binding heavy metals. It is a promising alternative method to treat heavy metal wastes mainly because of high metal binding capacity. The effect of some important parameters on sorption capacity of cyanobacterial biosorbent for zinc uptake was studied. The optimum conditions pH, time, initial ion concentration, adsorbent dose; were found to be 8, 90 mins, 100 ppm and 1gm/100mL respectively. Immobilization of biomass was done in calcium alginate and agar matrices for reuse of biosorbent. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to equilibrium data of zincions biosorption and Freundlich isotherm was found to fit the data. The maximum adsorption capacity was 71.42 mg/g for A. variabilis. The value of value of Kf and n were ranged from 0.4458 to 2.797 and 0.7726 to 2.797 for the cyanobacterial biosorbents. 0.1 M EDTA was used as an eluant and the biosorbent was reused up to five biosorption desorption cycles and percentage desorption of zinc ions was 93 to 84 from first to fifth cycle for the cyanobacterial biosorbents. Fourier transform infra-red analysis of algae with and without biosorption revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, amide and imine groups, which were responsible for biosorption of Zn⁺² ions. The rate law for a pseudo-secondorder model fits the experimental data with a very high correlation coefficient and it was greater than 0.9771.

Keywords
Zn+2 ions, Anabaena variabilis, Immobilization, Fourier transform infra-red, Isotherms, Biosorption, Pseudo second order