Prevalence and Public-health Significance of HIV Infection and Anaemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in South-eastern Nigeria

HIV infection and anaemia are major public-health problems in Africa and are important factors associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in south-eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted during July 2005–June 2006 using standard techniques. Of 815 pregnant women studied, 31 (3.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-5.1) were HIV-positive. Maternal age and gestational age were not associated with HIV infection (p>0.05). The prevalence of anaemia (Hb<11.0 g/dL) was 76.9%, and 15 (1.8%, 95% CI 0.9-2.7) had severe anaemia (Hb<7.0 g/dL). A significantly higher prevalence of anaemia was observed among individuals in their second pregnancy trimester (p<0.05) and those infected with HIV (p<0.05). Since HIV and anaemia are preventable, antenatal care services could serve as a pivotal entry point for simultaneous delivery of interventions for the prevention and control of HIV infection and anaemia in pregnant women.

Keywords
Anaemia; Cross-sectional surveys; HIV; HIV infections; Maternal health; Morbidity; Mortality; Pregnancy; Pregnancy outcomes; Prevalence; Risk factors; Nigeria