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Socioeconomic Factors in Adherence to HIV Therapy in Low- and Middle-income Countries
Peltzer, Karl & Pengpid, Supa
Abstract
It is not clear what effect socioeconomic factors have on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among
patients in low- and middle-income countries. We performed a systematic review of the association of
socioeconomic status (SES) with adherence to treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS in low- and middleincome
countries. We searched electronic databases to identify studies concerning SES and HIV/AIDS and
collected data on the association between various determinants of SES (income, education, occupation)
and adherence to ART in low- and middle-income countries. From 252 potentially-relevant articles initially
identified, 62 original studies were reviewed in detail, which contained data evaluating the association
between SES and adherence to treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS. Income, level of education, and
employment/occupational status were significantly and positively associated with the level of adherence
in 15 studies (41.7%), 10 studies (20.4%), and 3 studies (11.1%) respectively out of 36, 49, and 27 studies
reviewed. One study for income, four studies for education, and two studies for employment found a negative
and significant association with adherence to ART. However, the aforementioned SES determinants
were not found to be significantly associated with adherence in relation to 20 income-related (55.6%), 35
education-related (71.4%), 23 employment/occupational status-related (81.5%), and 2 SES-related (100%)
studies. The systematic review of the available evidence does not provide conclusive support for the existence
of a clear association between SES and adherence to ART among adult patients infected with HIV/
AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. There seems to be a positive trend among components of SES
(income, education, employment status) and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in many of the reviewed
studies.
Keywords
Antiretroviral therapy, highly active; Education; Employment; Income; Occupations; Social class
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