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African Health Sciences
Makerere University Medical School
ISSN: 1680-6905
EISSN: 1680-6905
Vol. 19, No. 1, 2019, pp. 1329-1337
Bioline Code: hs19003
Full paper language: English
Document type: Review Article
Document available free of charge

African Health Sciences, Vol. 19, No. 1, 2019, pp. 1329-1337

 en Review of Leishmaniasis in the Middle East and North Africa
Tabbabi, Ahmed

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis are the most important protozoan infection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
Objectives: Review the current knowledge on leishmaniasis in the MENA.
Methods: The data presented in this review are gathered primarily from WHO reports and from an extensive literature search on PubMed.
Results: There are four cycles of transmission of leishmaniasis: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), induce by Leishmania (L.) major, transmitted by Phlebotomus ( P.) papatasi check for this species in other resources , with rodent species of Psammomys obesus check for this species in other resources , Meriones libycus check for this species in other resources , Nesokia indica check for this species in other resources , and Rhombomys opimus check for this species in other resources are considered as host reservoirs. Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is inducing by L. infantum, transmitted by several Phlebotomus spp. of the sub-genus Larroussius and mainly P. perniciosus check for this species in other resources in more than one-half of the MENA countries and the dog species of Canis familiaris check for this species in other resources are considered as the main reservoirs. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), induce by L. tropica and transmitted by P. sergenti check for this species in other resources , without any non-human reservoir in most cases. Anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) induces by L. donovani spreads through P. alexandri check for this species in other resources , circulates exclusively in humans.
Conclusion: There are many challenges facing the successful control of leishmaniasis. However, there is continuing research into the treatment of leishmaniasis and potentially vaccinations for the disease.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.4
Cite as: Tabbabi A. Review of Leishmaniasis in the Middle East and North Africa. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1): 1329-1337. https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.4

Keywords
Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis; global distribution; Middle East and North Africa

 
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