Cisplatin is a potent front-line antitumor drug characterized by dose-limiting
nephrotoxicity resulting to withdrawal from treatment by patient. This research was
therefore designed to investigate the mitigating effect of ethanolic leave extract of
phyllantus amarus
on cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Thirty six (36) rats
were divided into 9 groups (n=4rats) labeled A to I with group A (water control) treated
with 0.2ml of distil water, B(vehicle control) administered 0.2ml of olive oil, C and D were
orally treated with 150 and 300mg/kgBW leave extract of
P. amarus only dissolved in
olive oil for 14day respectively, 0.7ml of cisplatin was administered to rats in group E
while groups F and G , H and I orally received 150 and 300mg/kgBW leave extract of
P.
amarus dissolved in olive oil for 7 and 14days respectively after the administration of
cisplatin to the rats. The rats were sacrificed on days 7 and 14, blood samples were
collected into heparinized sample bottles for biochemical investigation of sodium ion (Na
+),
potassium ion (K
+), Chloride ion (Cl
-), bicarbonate ion (HCO
3
-), creatinine and urea levels.
Qualitative phytochemical screening of
P.amarus was also carried out. The result revealed
significant decrease (p<0.05) in plasma concentrations of K
+, Cl
- , creatinine and urea in
groups F,G, H and I when compared to negative control(E) value and significant increase
(p<0.05) in plasma concentrations of Na
+ and HCO
3
- when compared to negative control
value. Group H for all the parameters under consideration showed a non significant
difference (p>0.05) (almost close to oil control value) when compared to group A value,
indicating restoration to normal value. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the
presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardenolides, steroids, tannins, carbohydrate
and anthraquinones. Conclusively, ethanolic leave extract of
P. amarus demonstrated
mitigating effect of cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in albino wistar rats.
