During the last 25 years, probably urology was the surgical speciality that presented the most extraordinary technological development. The evolution has ranged from open surgery to minimally invasive surgery at dawn of the third millennium. The development has ranged from techniques to technology.
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Laparoscopic urologic surgery has increasingly become accepted as an alternative to open urological surgical techniques. Recent advances in laparoscopic surgery are largely attributable to technological improvements. Advances in imaging technologies, virtual reality and teleconsultation have allowed a broadening of laparoscopic applications, improved training, decrease morbidity, increase urologist acceptance and patients interest.
