Identification of the Commonest Snake Species Causing Envenoming and Fatality among Snake Bites of Venomous Admission in Dilchora Referral Hospital.

Background: Snake bite is a common medical emergency in developing countries. The identification of snake species is important for optimal clinical management, because it allows clinicians to choose the appropriate treatment, anticipate complications, and there fore to improve prognosis. Moreover, helps in selection of specific antivenom and avoids antivenominduced adverse reactions. The Objective the study is to Identify the commonest Snake species causing envenoming & fatal bites among snake bites of venomous admission in Dilchora referral Hospital from 2006-2011.
Methods: The diagnosis was based on the history and account of injury, observation of fang marks, snake identification (when possible) and signs and symptoms of envenoming in patients admitted to orthopedic ward for Supportive therapy without antivenom. Recording of necessary data and analysis were done by the Author. The study was conducted from 2006- 2011.
Results: During the study period a total of 110(60 Male 54.5% and 40 Female 45.5% ) envenomed patients were admitted in our orthopedic ward making male to female ratio 1.2:1(Table 1). Bites in Under 15 years account for 36(32.7%), in 15-44 years for 69(62.7%), in 45-54 years for 5(4.5%)(Table 1). Bite on the upper limb account for 40(36.4%), on the Lower limb for 66(60%) and on the head & trunk region 4(3.6%)(Table 2). Fatal bite account for 7( 6.4%)(Table 3,4 &5). Known Poisonous snakes caused 86(78.2%) of total envenoming (Table5 and Figure 2).
Conclusion: Viper and Puff adder snakes were the commonest causes of fatal bites in our Hospital. Measures to be under taken are recommended.