Cross-cultural adaptation, content validation, and reliability of the Nigerian Composite Lifestyle CVD Risk Factors Questionnaire for adolescents among Yoruba rural adolescents in Nigeria

Background
Assessment of lifestyle risk factors must be culturally and contextually relevant and available in local languages. This paper reports on a study which aimed to cross-culturally adapt a composite lifestyle cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors questionnaire into an African language (Yoruba) and test some of its psychometric properties, such as content validity and test–retest reliability in comparison to the original English version.
Methods
This study utilised a cross-sectional design. Translation of the English version of the questionnaire into Yoruba was undertaken using the guideline by Beaton et al. The translated instrument was presented to 21 rural adolescents to assess comprehensibility and clarity, using a sample of convenience. A test–retest reliability exercise was conducted among 150 rural adolescents, using purposive sampling. Data were analysed using an intraclass correlation (ICC ) model 3, Cohen kappa statistics and prevalence rates.
Results
ICC ranged between 0.4 and 0.8. The Yoruba version was completed in 15 to 20 minutes, and it was reported to be culturally appropriate and acceptable for rural Nigerian adolescents.
Conclusions
The Yoruba translation of the Nigerian composite lifestyle risk factors questionnaire performs at least as well as the original English version in terms of content validity and reliability. It took a shorter time to complete and thus may be more acceptable to rural adolescents.