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Malawi Medical Journal
College of Medicine, University of Malawi and Medical Association of Malawi
ISSN: 1995-7262
Vol. 32, No. 2, 2020, pp. 95-100
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Bioline Code: mm20015
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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Malawi Medical Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2020, pp. 95-100
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Epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries in a developing country: an analysis of 170 injuries
Onyemaechi, Ndubuisi O.; Bisi-Onyemaechi, Adaobi I. & Nduagubam, Obinna C.
Abstract
Background
Paediatric injuries have significant physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. This study aimed to determine the
epidemiology and pattern of paediatric injuries presenting at a teaching hospital in Enugu South-East Nigeria.
Methods
A retrospective study of injured patients less than 18 years who presented to the Accident and Emergency department of University
of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, in Enugu Nigeria, was conducted from 1st January to 31st December 2015. Analysis of
data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0.
Results
A total of 1191 children presented to the hospital within the study period and 120 injured paediatric patients (10.1%) with 170 injuries
were attended to in the A & E. Adolescents (12 -17 years) accounted for 34.2% of injuries and males (70%) were more affected than the
females. Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common causes of paediatric injuries. There was a significant correlation between
age of the children and the aetiology of the injuries (X2 = 28.08, p = 0.001). Bruises/lacerations/abrasions (27.6%) and fractures
(27.1%) were the most common types of injuries sustained. The injury severity score (ISS) of the patients ranged from 1-25 with a
mean of 6.4 + 2.8. Roadside/street (35%), school (23.3%) and home (21.7%) were the main locations where injuries occurred. Mean
injury-arrival interval was 1.2 + 0.7 days. Majority (67.5%) of children had full recovery and the mortality rate was 5.8%.
Conclusions
Road traffic crashes and falls were the most common cause of paediatric injuries. Soft tissue trauma and fractures were the predominant
types of injuries. Roadside, school and home were the leading locations of childhood injuries. Prevention of road traffic crashes and
falls, prompt treatment of injuries, and rehabilitation of injured children will reduce the negative impact of paediatric injuries.
Keywords
Injuries; Children; Pattern; Epidemiology; Prevention
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