Baobab (
Adansonia digitata
L.) is an indigenous fruit tree (IFT) that grows in several dry
parts of Kenya such as Kitui and Kilifi counties. It plays a key role in dietary
diversification thus contributing to food and nutrition security. This tree is adaptable to
adverse climatic conditions such as droughts and floods, which are common in these
counties. Consequently, it acts as a source of income and a food buffer during disasters.
This study evaluated the role baobab plays during food emergencies. The study employed
a cross-sectional design where 216 household heads were interviewed through structured
interviews. Data were analysed using SPSS version 24. Baobab was available during lean
seasons and was used as a source of food and income. Respondents mainly consumed
baobab fresh fruits without any processing (94%). During times of scarcity when there
was nothing else available to eat. About 33.3% used baobab pulp to make porridge while
16.7% made a hard gruel (
ugali). Drinks and candies, commonly called ‘mabuyu sweets’,
accounted for 41.2% and 28.7%, respectively. In Kilifi, baobab pulp was mixed with
coconut milk to be used as an accompaniment to
ugali (34.3 %). About two thirds
(60.7%) of the respondents collected and stored whole baobab fruits for use during lean
seasons. Baobab pulp was sold by 34.7% of the respondents and the income was used to
buy food (45.3 %), education (22.7%) and for healthcare (13. 3%). This study indicates
that baobab fruit and pulp was available and accessible during lean seasons. The baobab
pulp was mainly consumed without any processing as a snack. It also used to make
different foods at times when many other foods were not available. Households sold
baobab fruits to augment their income. Promotion of baobab products could bring better
incomes and improve the nutritional status of communities in baobab growing areas and
helps to overcome food insecurity in emergencies.