Marchiafava-Bignami disease: Two cases with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scan findings

We report two patients with Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD). A 38-year-old male with chronic alcohol abuse developed acute onset cerebellar ataxia and altered sensorium. He was diagnosed to have acute form (Type II) of MBD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive lesions involving the corpus callosum in its entire extent and also bilateral corona radiata and centrum semiovale. Corpus callosum had heterogeneous signal changes with ring enhancement. Positron emission tomography scan demonstrated reduced cerebral glucose metabolism diffusely over both the cerebral hemispheres. The second patient was 55-year-old male with chronic alcohol intake developed acute onset vomiting followed by behavioral abnormalities and altered sensorium. MRI showed diffuse lesion involving entire corpus callosum with suggestion of necrosis. Both the patients subsequently recovered, the first patient is back to his previous occupation and the second patient could be rehabilitated with some lighter work in his previous work place. Functional brain imaging may help to understand the pathogenesis of acute MBD and possibly the behavioral manifestations.

Keywords
Computer tomography scan, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography