Rickettsial diseases except those belonging to spotted fever group rickettsioses are poorly studied in South America particularly in Brazil where few epidemiological reports have been published. We describe a serosurvey for
Rickettsia rickettsii
,
R. typhi,
Coxiella burnetii
,
Bartonella henselae
,
B. quintana, and
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
in 437 healthy people from a Brazilian rural community. The serum samples were tested by indirected micro-im-munoflourescence technique and a cutoff titer of 1:64 was used. The seroprevalence rates for
R. rickettsii, R. typhi, C. burnetii, B. henselae, B. quintana, and
E. chaffeensis were respectively 1.6% (7 samples); 1.1% (5 samples); 3.9% (17 samples); 13.7% (60 samples); 12.8% (56 samples), and 10.5% (46 samples). Frequent multiple/cross-reactivity was observed in this study. Age over 40 years old, urban profession, and rural residence were significantly associated with some but not all infections rate. Low seropositivity rates for
R. rickettsii, R. typhi, and
C. burnetii contrasted with higher rates of seropositivity for
B. quintana, B. henselae, and
E. chaffeensis. These results show that all tested rickettsial species or antigenically closely related possible exist in this particular region.
