The evolution of knowledge regarding ocular toxoplasmosis over the last 30 years is described based on studies
and observations performed in Southern Brazil. The isolation of
Toxoplasma gondii
established the definitive diagnosis
of the disease. It was proven that in most cases, the disease was acquired after birth, a concept supported by
the description of numerous familial cases and observation of the disease many years after primary infection. Epidemiological
studies showed important regional variations in the prevalence of the disease due to different factors,
including the types of strains involved, of which type I predominates. The large number of patients also enabled detailed
study of the different forms of clinical presentation of the disease and its complications. New parameters have
been established for the use of steroids and the management of pregnant women with active lesions. Studies on the
epidemiology of toxoplasmic infection in pregnant women and newborns showed a high prevalence of infection. The
different factors of exposure to infection have also been studied. Gradually, preventive actions have been developed
in the sphere of public health, although they have not been sufficiently effective. Trends for future research over the
next few years are also outlined.
