This study reports the first genetic characterisation of
Cryptosporidium isolates in Brazil using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A total of 1,197 faecal specimens from children and 10 specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients were collected between 1999-2010 and screened using microscopy. Forty-eight
Cryptosporidium oocyst-positive isolates were identified and analysed using a generic TaqMan assay targeting the 18S rRNA to detect
Cryptosporidium species and two other TaqMan assays to identify
Cryptosporidium hominis
and
Cryptosporidium parvum
. The 18S rRNA assay detected
Cryptosporidium species in all 48 of the stool specimens. The
C. parvum TaqMan assay correctly identified five/48 stool samples, while 37/48 stool specimens were correctly amplified in the
C. hominis TaqMan assay. The results obtained in this study support previous findings showing that
C. hominis infections are more prevalent than
C. parvum infections in Brazil and they demonstrate that the TaqMan RT-PCR procedure is a simple, fast and valuable tool for the detection and differentiation of
Cryptosporidium species.
