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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
ISSN: 1678-8060
EISSN: 1678-8060
Vol. 111, No. 3, 2016, pp. 209-217
Bioline Code: oc16029
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Vol. 111, No. 3, 2016, pp. 209-217

 en Antifungal activity of extracts from Atacama Desert fungi against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis check for this species in other resources and identification of Aspergillus felis as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds
Mendes, Graziele; Gonçalves, Vívian N.; Souza-Fagundes, Elaine M.; Kohlhoff, Markus; Rosa, Carlos A.; Zani, Carlos L.; Cota, Betania B.; Rosa, Luiz H. & Johann, Susana

Abstract

Fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides check for this species in other resources are responsible for paracoccidioidomycosis. The occurrence of drug toxicity and relapse in this disease justify the development of new antifungal agents. Compounds extracted from fungal extract have showing antifungal activity. Extracts of 78 fungi isolated from rocks of the Atacama Desert were tested in a microdilution assay against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis check for this species in other resources Pb18. Approximately 18% (5) of the extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ≤ 125.0 μg/mL. Among these, extract from the fungus UFMGCB 8030 demonstrated the best results, with an MIC of 15.6 μg/mL. This isolate was identified as Aspergillus felis (by macro and micromorphologies, and internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and ribosomal polymerase II gene analyses) and was grown in five different culture media and extracted with various solvents to optimise its antifungal activity. Potato dextrose agar culture and dichloromethane extraction resulted in an MIC of 1.9 μg/mL against P. brasiliensis and did not show cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested in normal mammalian cell (Vero). This extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using analytical C18RP-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an antifungal assay using P. brasiliensis. Analysis of the active fractions by HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry allowed us to identify the antifungal agents present in the A. felis extracts cytochalasins. These results reveal the potential of A. felis as a producer of bioactive compounds with antifungal activity.

Keywords
rock-inhabiting fungi; Atacama Desert; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis; antifungal; Aspergillus felis

 
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