This paper examines the results of spatial
(microgeographical) water contact/schistosomiasis studies in two
African (Egyptian and Kenyan) and one Brazilian communities. All
three studies used traditional cartographic and statistical
methods but one of them emploeyd also GIS (geographical
information systems) tools. The advantage of GIS and their
potential role in schistosomiasis control are briefly described.
The three cases revealed considerable variation in the spatial
distribution of water contact, transmission parameters and
infection levels at the household and individual levels. All
studies showed considerable variation in the prevalence and
intensity of infection between households. They also show a
variable influence of distance on water contact behavior
associated with type of activity, age, sex, socioeconomic level,
perception of water quality, season and availability of water in
the home. Water contact behavior and schistosomiasis were
evaluated in the Brazilian village of Nova União within
the context of water sharing between household and age/sex
groups. Recommendations are made for further spatial studies on
the transmission and control of schistosomiasis.
