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Morse taper implants at different bone levels: a finite element analysis of stress distribution
Toniollo, Marcelo Bighetti; Macedo, Ana Paula; Palhares, Daniel; Calefi, Paulo Linares; Sorgini, Danilo Balero & da Gloria Chiarello de Mattos, Maria
Abstract
Aim: To explore the biomechanical effects of the different implantation bone levels of Morse taper
implants, employing a finite element analysis (FEA).
Methods: Dental implants (TitamaxCM) with 4x13 mm and 4x11 mm, and their respective abutments with 3.5 mm height, simulating a
screwed premolar metal-ceramic crown, had their design performed using the software
AnsysWorkbench10.0. They were positioned in bone blocks, covered by 2.5 mm thickness of
mucosa. The cortical bone was designed with 1.5 mm thickness and the trabecular bone completed
the bone block. Four groups were formed: group 11CBL (11 mm implant length on cortical bone
level), group 11TBL (11 mm implant length on trabecular bone level), group 13CBL (13mm
implant length on cortical bone level) and group 13TBL (13 mm implant length on trabecular bone
level). Oblique 200 N loads were applied. Von Mises equivalent stresses in cortical and trabecular
bones were evaluated with the same design program.
Results: The results were shown
qualitatively and quantitatively by standard scales for each type of bone. By the results obtained,
it can be suggested that positioning the implant completely in trabecular bone brings harm with
respect to the generated stresses. Its implantation in the cortical bone has advantages with
respect to better anchoring and locking, reflecting a better dissipation of the stresses along the
implant/bone interfaces. In addition, the search for anchoring the implant in its apical region in
cortical bone is of great value to improve stabilization and consequently better stress distribution.
Conclusions: The implant position slightly below the bone in relation to the bone crest brings
advantages as the best long-term predictability with respect to the expected neck bone loss.
Keywords
biomechanics, bone, dental implants, finite element analysis
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