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Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
ISSN: 1596-5996
EISSN: 1596-5996
Vol. 13, No. 6, 2014, pp. 881-888
Bioline Code: pr14123
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2014, pp. 881-888

 en Induction of Apoptosis by Methyl Alcohol Extract of Enteromorpha linza check for this species in other resources (Linnaeus) J Agardh in U937 Human Leukemia Cells
Choi, Eun-Ok; Kim, Hyang-Suk; Han, Min-Ho; Park, Cheol; Kim, Byung-Woo; Hwang, Jin Ah; Choi, Yung Hyun & Hwang, Hye-Jin

Abstract


Purpose: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of methyl alcohol extract of Enteromorpha linza check for this species in other resources (Linnaeus) J. Agardh (MEEL) in U937 human leukemia cells.
Methods: Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was detected using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm.
Results: MEEL inhibited U937 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through up-regulation of death receptor-related gene expression, caspase-8 activation and truncation of Bid, which was associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Subsequently, the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and IAP family proteins decreased but those of pro-apoptotic proteins including Bax and Bad increased in MEEL-treated U937 cells. MEEL treatment also resulted in activation of caspase-9 and -3 as well as concomitant cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and phopholipase Cγ-1. However, pretreatment of U937 cells with z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor, abrogated chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation and prevented cell death induced by the MEEL.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that MEEL induced apoptosis in U937 cells through a signaling cascade of death-receptor-mediated extrinsic as well as mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathways, thus raising the possibility that MEEL may be of value in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for treating leukemia.

Keywords
Enteromorpha linza; Apoptosis; Caspase; U937 cells

 
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