Purpose: To identify a solvent fraction with potent antiglucosidase and antioxidant activities from the
fruit of
Typha domingensis
.
Methods: Extracts were prepared using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone (AE), methanol,
and water. Antiglucosidase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of
extracts were assessed. The most active extract was partitioned into chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol
(BF) and water, and the antiglucosidase and radical scavenging activities of the fractions were
determined. Mode of inhibition of the strongest antiglucosidase fraction was investigated. Polyphenol,
coumarin, proanthocyanidin (TPro), and hydroxycinnamic acid contents of the extracts and fractions
were evaluated.
Results: AE had the highest antiglucosidase (EC
50 = 12.36 μg/mL) and radical scavenging (EC
50 = 8.57
μg/mL) activities. Solvent-partitioning of AE resulted in BF, which showed markedly stronger
antiglucosidase activity (EC
50 = 4.27 μg/mL) than quercetin (EC
50 = 22.18 μg/mL). BF also had potent
radical scavenging activity (EC
50 = 7.20 μg/mL). BF was rich in TPro (735.65 mg/g) and was a
competitive glucosidase inhibitor. TPro content correlated with antiglucosidase (R
2 = 0.709) and DPPH
scavenging activities (R
2 = 0.838).
Conclusion: TPro-rich BF of
T. domingensis fruit is a highly potent glucosidase inhibitor and radical
scavenger. The findings demonstrate a potential for the development of natural antihyperglycemic
agents with antioxidant effect from
T. domingensis fruit.