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Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
ISSN: 1596-5996 EISSN: 1596-5996
Vol. 15, No. 1, 2016, pp. 5-11
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Bioline Code: pr16001
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2016, pp. 5-11
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Intrathecal Delivery of Ketorolac Loaded In Situ Gels for Prolonged Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Vertebral Fracture
Cao, Shu-E; Chen, Sheng-Yang; Tian, Jian-Min; Zhang, Xiao-Ran; Liu, Jun; Gong, Hong-Yan & Yue, Xiu-Qin
Abstract
Purpose: To develop biodegradable, polymeric in situ gels based on sodium alginate and
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose for intrathecal delivery of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) for effective
management of pain and inflammation in vertebral fracture.
Method: Ion activated in situ gels were used as implants and were prepared from sodium alginate and
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The fabricated gels were evaluated for visual appearance, clarity, pH,
gelling capacity, drug content, viscosity (using Brookfield viscometer), in vitro drug release (using a
fabricated KC cell) and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity (by intrathecal administration of
in situ gel near the fractured vertebra in a rat model).
Results: The physicochemical properties (visual appearance, clarity, pH, gelling capacity, drug content
and viscosity) of in situ gels were acceptable for therapeutic use. KT-loaded gels demonstrated high
drug encapsulation efficiency (98.3 - 103.3 %). Further, KT-loaded gels exhibited viscosity in the range
of 1.11 to 6 cps at 50 rpm and shear thinning property (rheology testing). Additionally, the gels
demonstrated 84.43 to 96.98 % drug release at the end of 12 h. In particular, in situ gels prepared from
1.2 % alginate/0.4 % HPMC (G7) exhibited excellent analgesic (54.28 %) and anti-inflammatory activity
(51.6 % inhibition of rat paw edema) in the animal model of vertebral fracture.
Conclusion: The formulated in situ gels can potentially be used as implants for the treatment of
patients with vertebral fracture.
Keywords
Ketorolac; Orthopaedic implant; Extended release; Analgesic; Anti-inflammation; Vertebral fracture
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