Complications associated with malnutrition in elective surgical patients in a Malaysian setting

Purpose: To identify the level of malnutrition and complications observed in Malaysia.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted with the objectives of identifying the degree of malnutrition, complications and the need for nutritional support in elective surgical patients. Collection of data was performed in local tertiary hospitals using a Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG - SGA) nutritional screening tool and medical records.
Results: A total of 50 patients electively admitted for surgery were included. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in malnourished patients post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (p = 0.0001). Most interesting was the significant number of complications observed post-surgery compared to pre-surgery (p = 0.035) which was associated to the poor level of nutrition. The most common type of complications noted post-surgery were nosocomial infection, wound infection and readmission.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is prevalent pre- and post-operatively in Malaysia. Therefore, focus on the outcome of these malnourished patients should be performed to reduce complications associated with poor nutrition.