Purpose: To evaluate the possible toxicity of a blend of three spices, namely, garlic (
Allium sativum
),
ginger (
Zingiber officinale
) and cayenne pepper (
Capsicum frutescens
) in Wistar rats
Methods: For acute toxicity test, five females and five male rats were given a single oral dose of 5000
mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of the spice blend and observed for 14 days. Sub-acute toxicity
was assessed by giving male and female rats 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight oral doses of the
spice blend on a daily basis for 28 days, while controls were administered distilled water. At the end of
the experiment, blood and tissues were collected for haematological, biochemical and histological
evaluations.
Results: The haematological indices of treated rats did not reveal any significant (p > 0.05) differences
from those of control except for elevation in lymphocyte count which was significant (p < 0.05) in the 500
and 1000 mg/kg treated male groups. Activities of serum alkaline phosphatise (ALP), gamma glutamyl
transpeptidase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase
(CK), as well as concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly reduced (p < 0.05)
following treatment with the extract of the spice blend. Histological examinations of the liver did not
reveal any pathological changes attributable to treatment with the spice blend extract.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that oral consumption of a spice blend of garlic, ginger and
cayenne pepper in humans may be safe.
