Treatment of minimal/mild endometriosis, primary by surgical means, has been a widely used adjunct in therapy for endometriosis associated infertility. Unfortunately, current knowledge of the relationship between infertility and minimal/mild endometriosis is inconclusive. The development of a scoring system correlating endometriosis with the severity of reproductive dysfunction would be a significant contribution to infertility research. Given the lack of prospective, randomized, controlled studies, it has been difficult to make firm conclusion regarding the best treatment approach for patients with minimal/mild endometriosis and infertility. All of the evidence regarding medical treatment has shown that approach to endometriosis -associated infertility is ineffective and should not be used. The recent data collected are the strongest evidence to date that higher pregnancy rates occur following surgical ablation, which generally is the treatment of choice for most patients. Another reasonable option for treatment is clomiphene citrate or gonadotropin ovulation induction or one of the assisted reproductive technologies. These treatments may be employed as a primary option or following the failure of expectant management or surgery. As always, proper patient selection is a prerequisite for the successful outcome of any given treatment.