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Effect of regular resistance exercise, vitamin D, and calcium supplements on the bone mineral content and density in postmenopausal model of rats: An experimental study
Hajisadeghi, Homa; Azarbayjani, Mohammad Ali; Vafaeenasab, Mohammadreza; Peeri, Maghsoud & Mosala, Mohamad Mahdi Modares
Abstract
Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis progressively occurs due to alteration in
the estrogen level during the menopause period, and subsequently elevates the risk
of fractures.
Objective: To evaluate the effect of regular resistance exercise, vitamin D, and calcium
supplements on bone mineral content and density, postmenopausal rats used.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 female Sprague-Dawley rats
(8-10 wk: 250 ± 15 gr) were ovariectomized and randomly divided into nine groups
(n = 8/each): control, placebo, exercise (EX), exercise with vitamin D supplement (EX
+ D), exercise with calcium (EX + Ca), exercise with calcium and vitamin D (EX + Ca +
D), vitamin D administration (D), calcium administration (Ca), and calcium and vitamin D
(Ca + D) groups. Finally, the tail, hip, and lumbar bone mineral content, bone mineral
density, bone thickness, and bone cells were evaluated in each group.
Results: The tail, hip, and lumbar bone mineral density was increased significantly in
the EX + Vit D group compared to the control group (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.003,
respectively). However, there were no significant changes in the bone mineral content
of the hips and lumbar among the groups. Besides, bone thickness in the Ex + Vit D
group was more than the other groups (p = 0.02). The number of osteoclast cells were
decreased in the Ca + Vit D, Ex + Ca, Ex + Vit D, and Ex + Vit D + Ca groups compared
to the control group. Osteocyte numbers were increased only in the Ex + Vit D group.
Conclusion: Resistance exercise in combination with vitamin D and calcium have a
positive effect on the bone mineral density and bone mineral content and might be
able to prevent or delay the osteoporosis among elderly women. However, additional
researches are needed to assess the molecular pathways of this process.
Keywords
Menopause; Vitamin D; Exercise; Calcium; Bone mineral density.
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