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Aromatic amino acids play a harmonizing role in prostate cancer: A metabolomics-based cross-sectional study
Akbari, Ziba; Dijojin, Roghayeh Taghipour; Zamani, Zahra; Hosseini, Reza Haji & Arjmand, Mohammad
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common health problem worldwide. The rate
of this disease is likely to grow by 2021. PCa is a heterogeneous disorder, and various
biochemical factors contribute to the development of this disease. The metabolome
is the complete set of metabolites in a cell or biological sample and represents
the downstream end product of the omics. Hence, to model PCa by computational
systems biology, a preliminary metabolomics-based study was used to compare the
metabolome profile pattern between healthy and PCa men.
Objective: This study was carried out to highlight energy metabolism modification and
assist the prognosis and treatment of disease with unique biomarkers.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 26 men diagnosed with
stage-III PCa and 26 healthy men with normal PSA levels were enrolled. Urine
was analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy,
accompanied by the MetaboAnalyst web-based platform tool for metabolomics data
analysis. Partial least squares regression discriminant analysis was applied to clarify
the separation between the two groups. Outliers were documented and metabolites
determined, followed by identifying biochemical pathways.
Results: Our findings reveal that modifications in aromatic amino acid metabolism and
some of their metabolites have a high potential for use as urinary PCa biomarkers. Tryptophan metabolism (p < 0.001), tyrosine metabolism (p < 0.001), phenylalanine,
tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis (p < 0.001), phenylalanine metabolism (p = 0.01),
ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis (p = 0.19), nitrogen metabolism
(p = 0.21), and thiamine metabolism (p = 0.41) with Q2 (0.198) and R2 (0.583) were
significantly altered.
Conclusion: The discriminated metabolites and their pathways play an essential role
in PCa causes and harmony.
Keywords
Metabolomics; Prostate cancer; Aromatic amino acids; 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
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