The relationship between postnatal hypoglycemia and umbilical artery Doppler ultrasonography in neonates with intrauterine growth restriction: A longitudinal follow-up study

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to fetuses with an estimated ultrasonography weight below the 10% percentile. Hypoglycemia is a major concern in neonates with IUGR.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between umbilical artery (UA) Doppler ultrasonography and neonate hypoglycemia and IUGR.
Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal follow-up study consisting of 114 neonates (gestational age of 28-40 wk) born with IUGR in the third trimester of pregnancy at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran between May 2016 and October 2017. The neonates were assigned into three subgroups of normal UA Doppler, absent end-diastolic flow (EDF) in UA Doppler, and reverse EDF in UA Doppler. The blood glucose of the neonates was checked one, two, three, six, 12, 24 and 48 hr after birth, and the neonates were placed in the hypoglycemia or euglycemia groups according to guidelines.
Results: Out of the 114 neonates included in the study, 75 (65.8%) had normal UA Doppler, 29 (25.4%) had absent EDF in UA Doppler, and 10 (8.8%) had reverse EDF in UA Doppler. There was a significant difference in the mean blood glucose in the first hr between the normal UA Doppler group and the reverse EDF in UA Doppler group (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: Postnatal hypoglycemia in neonates with IUGR is associated with the result of UA Doppler ultrasonography during pregnancy.

Keywords
Growth restriction; Hypoglycemia; Ultrasonography Doppler; Umbilical artery.