Batch adsorption experiments using activated carbon prepared from
Morringa Indica
bark were
conducted to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. A minimum contact time of 25 min was required
for optimum fluoride removal. The influence of adsorbent, dose, pH, co-ions (cations and anions) on
fluoride removal by the activated carbon has been experimentally verified. The adsorption of fluoride
was studied at 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. The kinetics of adsorption and adsorption isotherms at different
temperatures were studied. The fluoride adsorption obeyed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms
and followed a pseudo first order kinetic model. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the fluoride
adsorption by
Morringa Indica is an endothermic process indicating an increase in sorption rate at
higher temperatures. The negative values of ΔG° indicate the spontaneity of adsorption. SEM and
XRD studies confirmed the surface morphological characteristics of the adsorbent and the deposition of
fluoride on the surface of the material.
