Prediction of cancer mortality by evaluation of asbestos fibers concentrations in an asbestos-cement products factory

Although the asbestos application is band in most developed countries but it is still used in many developing countries, escalating the mortality rate due to cancer among the workers exposed to asbestos fibers. In the present work, occupational exposure to airborne asbestos fibers in production line of an asbestos-cement products manufacturing factory were assessed, using OSHA method ID-160. For this purpose, 106 personal air samples were collected from breathing zones of workers in various processes of the factory. Cancer-related mortalities were also predicted by extrapolation of OSHA risk assessment data to the data obtained from the factory in question. The results revealed that physically disturbing processes such as mills, drilling and cutting are the most deadly processes. It was also shown that mills have the highest mortality rate due to asbestos fibers exposure, expecting 1198 deaths per 100,000 workers after one year exposure and 14665 deaths per 100,000 workers after 20 years occupational exposure. Relative risk (RR) of lung cancer after 1, 20 and 45 years working in the factory in question versus public community of Iran would be 11.6, 206.5 and 324, respectively. Cancer-related mortality predicted for dry cutting process was more than wet cutting process(RR=3.6). Finally it was recommended that job rotation and isolation of high risk operations could lead to lower cancer-related mortality due to occupational exposure to asbestos airborne fibers.