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Comparative study of municipal solid waste treatment technologies using life cycle assessment method
Zaman, A. U.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze three different waste treatment technologies by life cycle assessment
tool. Sanitary Landfill, Incineration and gasification-pyrolysis of the waste treatment technologies are studied in
SimaPro software based on input-output materials flow. SimaPro software has been applied for analyzing environmental
burden by different impact categories. All technologies are favorable to abiotic and ozone layer depletion due to energy
recovery from the waste treatment facilities. Sanitary landfill has the significantly lower environmental impact among
other thermal treatment while gases are used for fuel with control emission environment. However, sanitary landfill has
significant impact on photochemical oxidation, global warming and acidification. Among thermal technology, pyrolysisgasification
is comparatively more favorable to environment than incineration in global warming, acidification,
eutrophication and eco-toxicity categories. Landfill with energy recovery facilities is environmentally favorable. However,
due to large land requirement, difficult emission control system and long time span, restriction on land filling is applying
more in the developed countries. Pyrolysis-gasification is more environmental friendly technology than incineration due
to higher energy recovery efficiency. Life cycle assessment is an effective tool to analyze waste treatment technology
based on environmental performances.
Keywords
Environmental assessment; Incineration; Pyrolysis-gasification; Sanitary landfill; Waste-to-energy
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