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Association of trace metals with various sedimentary phases in dam reservoirs
Karbassi, A.R.; Torabi, F.; Ghazban, F. & Ardestani, M.
Abstract
In the present study sediment and water samples collected from Kowsar Dam reservoir in Kohkiluye
and Boyerahmad Province, southwest of Iran, are subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning. The concentrations
of nickel, lead, zinc, copper, cobalt, cadmium, manganese and iron in water and bed sediment were determined by atomic
absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of metals bounded to five sedimentary phases were estimated. On this
basis, the proportions of natural and anthropogenic elements were calculated.The anthropogenic portion of elements are
as follows: zinc (96%)> cobalt (88%)> iron (78%)> magnesium (78%)> nickel (78%)> copper (66%)> lead (63 )>
cadmium (59%). The results show sediment contamination by nickel, cadmium and lead, according to the world aquatic
sediments and mean earth crust values. Manganese and copper have strong association with organic matter and are of
high portion of sulfide bounded ions. Finally, The degree of sediment contamination was evaluated using enrichment
factor, geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution index (IPoll). The sediments were identified to be of high cadmium
and lead pollution index. The pattern of pollution intensity according to enrichment factor is as follows; manganese
(1.25) < copper (1.63) < zinc (1.93) < cobalt (2.35) < nickel (3.83) < lead (12.63) < cadmium (78.32). Cluster analysis
was performed in order to assess heavy metal interactions between water and sediment. Accordingly, nickel, cadmium
and copper are earth originated. Zinc, copper and manganese are dominated by pH. All the elemental concentrations in
water and sediment are correlated except for sedimental copper.
Keywords
Anthropogenic; Lithogenous; Sediment; Trace metals
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