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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology
Center for Environment and Energy Research and Studies (CEERS)
ISSN: 1735-1472 EISSN: 1735-1472
Vol. 11, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1481-1486
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Bioline Code: st14144
Full paper language: English
Document type: Short Communication
Document available free of charge
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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5, 2014, pp. 1481-1486
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Geographical variations in the risk of adverse birth outcomes in Spain
Castelló, A.; Río, I.; López-Abente, G.; Fernández-Navarro, P.; García-Pérez, J.; Waller, L.A.; Clennon, J.A.; Sandín-Vázquez, M. & Bolúmar, F.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the
spatial risk-patterns of prematurity and low birth weight in
Spain. A descriptive spatial analysis of births registered in
the Spanish Vital Statistics during 2004–2008 using
municipalities as the observation unit was carried out.
Besag-York-Mollié autoregressive spatial models were
adjusted using the Integrated Nested Laplace approximation
to calculate relative risks and posterior probabilities of
having very and moderate preterm or low weight newborns.
Results were represented in maps to assess geographic
risk-patterns. Spatial analysis shows geographical
variations in the risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in
Spain highlighting three main high-risk zones, namely,
municipalities in Asturias, Madrid City and Murcia. The
specific risk patterns identified on each zone suggests some
differences regarding the potential underlying risk factors
and specific areas for future research. A differential
exposure during pregnancy to some risks potentially related
to industry or agriculture and other contextual factors
could underlie an unequal vulnerability to adverse reproductive
outcomes in some Spanish regions.
Keywords
Adverse birth outcomes; Spatial distribution; Geographical variation; Maps; Low birth weight; Preterm birth
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