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Characterisation of the physicochemical qualities of a typical rural-based river: ecological and public health implications
Sibanda, T.; Chigor, V.N.; Koba, S.; Obi, C.L. & Okoh, A.I.
Abstract
The physicochemical qualities of a typical
rural-based river were assessed over a 12-month period
from August 2010 to July 2011 spanning the spring,
summer, autumn and winter seasons. Water samples were
collected from six sampling sites along Tyume River and
analysed for total nitrogen, orthophosphate, biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen
(DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids
(TDS) and turbidity. BOD regimes did not differ significantly
between seasons and between sampling points and
ranged from 0.78 to 2.76 mg/L across seasons and sampling
points, while temperature ranged significantly
(P <0.05) between 6 and 28 °C. Turbidity varied significantly
(P <0.05) from 6 to 281 nephelometric turbidity
units while TDS (range 24–209 ppm) and conductivity
(range 47.6–408 mg/L) also varied significantly (P <0.05)
across sampling points with a remarkable similarity in their
trends. Orthophosphate concentrations varied from 0.06 to
2.72 mg/L across seasons and sampling points. Negative
correlations were noted between temperature and the
nutrients, DO and temperature (r = -0.56), and TDS and
DO (r = -0.33). Positive correlations were noted between
TDS and temperature (r = 0.41), EC and temperature
(r = 0.15), and DO and pH (r = 0.55). All nutrients were
positively correlated to each other. Most measured
parameters were within prescribed safety guidelines.
However, the general trend was that water quality tended to
deteriorate as the river flows through settlements, moreso
in rainy seasons.
Keywords
Environment; Parameters; Pollution; Sampling; Seasons
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