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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology
Center for Environment and Energy Research and Studies (CEERS)
ISSN: 1735-1472 EISSN: 1735-1472
Vol. 12, No. 11, 2015, pp. 3463-3478
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Bioline Code: st15325
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 12, No. 11, 2015, pp. 3463-3478
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Investigating the link between carbon dioxide emissions and transport-related social exclusion in rural Northern Ireland
Kamruzzaman, M.; Hine, J. & Yigitcanlar, T.
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered the most
harmful of the greenhouse gases. Despite policy efforts,
transport is the only sector experiencing an increase in the
level of CO2 emissions and thereby possesses a major
threat to sustainable development. In contrast, a reduced
level of mobility has been associated with an increasing
risk of being socially excluded. However, despite being the
two key elements in transport policy, little effort has so far
been made to investigate the links between CO2 emissions
and social exclusion. This research contributes to this gap
by analysing data from 157 weekly activity-travel diaries
collected in rural Northern Ireland. CO2 emission levels
were calculated using average speed models for different
modes of transport. Regression analyses were then conducted
to identify the socio-spatial patterns associated with
these CO2 emissions, mode choice behaviour, and patterns
of participation in activities. This research found that despite
emitting a higher level of CO2, groups in rural areas
possess the risk of being socially excluded due to their
higher levels of mobility.
Keywords
Activity participation; Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; Northern Ireland; Sustainable transport; Sustainable development; Transport disadvantage; Travel behaviour
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