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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology
Center for Environment and Energy Research and Studies (CEERS)
ISSN: 1735-1472 EISSN: 1735-1472
Vol. 13, No. 3, 2016, pp. 813-824
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Bioline Code: st16077
Full paper language: English
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge
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International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2016, pp. 813-824
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Fluoride in groundwater: low-cost separation and stabilization by response surface optimization
Chakrabortty, S.; Pal, M.; Roy, M. & Pal, P.
Abstract
A nanomembrane-based hybrid treatment system
for separation of fluoride from contaminated groundwater
and its subsequent stabilization in a solid matrix
through chemical coagulation–precipitation process using
response surface optimization for safe disposal were
designed and investigated. The continuous flat-sheet crossflow
nanofiltration membrane module with well-screened
commercial polyamide composite membrane succeeded in
removing 99 % fluoride from water while yielding a pure
water flux as high as 158–160 L/m2h of a transmembrane
hydraulic pressure of only 14 bars. Such an operating
pressure is much lower than that required in reverse
osmosis for the same separation. The designed system for
the first time provides a total solution to a complex problem
in a very simple, compact, flexible, and novel design that
ensures continuous, steady, and hassle-free long-term
operation without the necessity for frequent replacement of
membranes. The approximate cost for production of
1000 L of safe drinking water from fluoride-contaminated
groundwater computes to only $ 1.4, indicating affordability
in adopting the low-cost, high-flux water purification
system by the affected people in many parts of the
world.
Keywords
Fluoride removal; Nanofiltration; Cross-flow system; Stabilization; Disposal
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