Blood transfusion practice in surgery at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania

Background: Preoperative over-ordering of blood for surgical intervention, in excess of the actual and anticipated needs is a common practice in many developing countries. This can be decreased by simple means of changing the blood cross matching and ordering schedule depending upon the type of surgery performed. The aim of this study was to assess the blood transfusion practice in surgery at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania.
Methods:This was a retrospective study among patients undergoing major operations at Bugando Medical Centre. We evaluated blood ordering and transfusion practices in emergency and elective surgical procedures and calculated different indices such as cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio), transfusion probability (% T) and transfusion index (TI). Next Maximal Surgical Blood Ordering System (MSBOS) was estimated for each procedure.
Results: The overall blood utilization was only 28.2%, consisting of 17.1% in the elective operations and 26.9% in the emergency operations. There was no blood utilization for most of the routine elective cases suggesting cross-matching of blood to be a culture than necessity. Generally, the overall blood transfusion of the requested blood as indicated by indices of C/T ratio, %T, TI and MSBOS were 3.5, 28.7%, 0.33 and 0.45, respectively. The overall CT ratio, %T, TI and MSBOS in the elective operations were 5.8, 15.9%, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. In the emergency operations, the overall CT ratio, %T, TI and MSBOS were 3.7, 22%, 0.32 and 0.48, respectively.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that over-ordering of blood in excess of the actual needs is a common practice at BMC. Blood ordering pattern needs to be revised and over-ordering of blood should be minimized. This can be possible by the estimation of MSBOS for each procedure and requisition as calculated.