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Zootecnia Tropical
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas Venezuela
ISSN: 0798-7269
Vol. 27, No. 3, 2009, pp. 249-262
Bioline Code: zt09028
Full paper language: Spanish
Document type: Research Article
Document available free of charge

Zootecnia Tropical, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2009, pp. 249-262

 en Mineral proteic supplementation of grazing beef heifers in the central plains of Venezuela
Depablos, Luis; Ordóñez, Jorge; Godoy, Susmira & Chicco, Claudio F.

Abstract

During the transition rainy-dry and dry season in a dry tropical forest, 166 beef heifers with 636 ± 2.46 days old and 219.62 ± 15.68 kg average body weight (BW) were assigned by BW, uterine conditions, ovarian structure, and racial predominance to three experimental treatments (S = common salt, SM = complete mineral supplement with 13.6% of P and 24% Ca, and SMP = protein plus mineral supplement with 42.5% PC and 0.58% P) 139 days before matting and 103 in matting. S and SM were given ad libitum and SMP about 700 g/animal/d. Body weight changes, body condition scores (BCS), reproductive tract evolutions, and pregnancy rate were evaluated. In addition, in blood serum, concentration of minerals, urea and non esterified fatty acids (AGNE) were measured. The animals were rotated in 122 ha divided in six paddocks of Cynodon check for this species in other resources sp. and Brachiaria check for this species in other resources sp. fertilized previously with urea (50 kg/ha). The evaluation of the offer of forages showed concentrations of nutrients and dry matter (> 34 kg DM/AU/d) adequate for beef cattle production. SM and SMP supplementations had no significant effect on BW or BCS of the animals. Nevertheless, considering the season of the year when the experiment was conducted, the average growth rate (0.483 kg/animal/d) was adequate for the general management of the herd, mainly in relation to pasture management. No significant differences among treatments were found for blood chemistry, uterine evolution, ovarian structure, and pregnancy (84, 84.1 and 92% of pregnancy for S, SM, and SMP, respectively). Under the experimental conditions, the mineral or protein plus mineral supplementations did not improve the biological response of the animals. Only rational management of pasture provides adequate vegetal material in quality and quantity, and consequently, satisfactory nutrition.

Keywords
supplementation, heifers, protein, minerals, reproduction.

 
 es Suplementación mineral proteica de novillas a pastoreo en los Llanos Centrales de Venezuela
Depablos, Luis; Ordóñez, Jorge; Godoy, Susmira & Chicco, Claudio F.

Resumen

Durante la transición lluvia-sequía y sequía en un bosque seco tropical, 166 novillas de 636 ± 2,5 días de edad inicial y 219,6 ± 1,2 kg de peso vivo (PV) promedio fueron asignadas por PV, estado uterino, estructuras ováricas y predominio racial a tres grupos experimentales (S = sal común, SM = suplemento mineral completo con 13,6% de P y 24% Ca y SMP = suplemento proteico-mineral con 42,5% PC y 0,58% P) 139 días previo a la temporada de servicio y 103 días de servicio. Tanto S y SM se suministraron ad libitum y SMP a razón de 700 g/animal/día. Se evaluó cambio de PV, condición corporal (CC), evolución de tracto reproductivo y tasa de preñez. Además, fueron medidos en suero sanguíneo la concentración de minerales, urea y ácidos grasos no esterificados. Los animales fueron rotados en 122 ha, divididas en seis potreros de Cynodon check for this species in other resources sp. y Brachiaria check for this species in other resources sp. fertilizados previamente con urea (50 kg/ha). La evaluación de la oferta forrajera mostró concentraciones de nutrientes y materia seca (> 34 kg MS/UA/d) adecuadas para la producción con vacunos de carne. SM y SMP no afectaron de manera significativa el PV o CC de los animales. Sin embargo, considerando la época del año en que se realizó la experiencia, la tasa promedio de crecimiento (0,483 kg/animal/d) fue satisfactoria debido al manejo general del rebaño, principalmente de la pastura. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos sobre indicadores de química sanguínea, evolución del tracto uterino, estructuras ováricas y preñez de las novillas (84; 84,1 y 92% de preñez para S, SM y SMP, respectivamente). Bajo las condiciones experimentales, la suplementación mineral o proteico mineral no mejoró la respuesta biológica de los animales. Sólo un manejo racional de la pastura proporciona una adecuada oferta de material vegetal en calidad y cantidad, y consecuente nutrición satisfactoria.

Palabras-clave
Suplementación, novillas, proteína, minerales, reproducción

 
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