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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
ISSN: 1678-8060 EISSN: 1678-8060
Vol. 102, Num. 6, 2007, pp. 737-740
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Memórias
do
Instituto
Oswaldo
Cruz,
Vol.
102,
No.
6,
2007,
pp.
737-740
Description
of
a
new
phlebotomine
species, Evandromyia
gaucha sp.
nov.
(Diptera:
Psychodidae:
Phlebotominae),
from
Rio
Grande
do
Sul,
Brazil
José Dilermando Andrade Filho/+, Getúlio Dornelles Souza*, Alda Lima Falcão
Centro de Referência Nacional e Internacional para Flebotomíneos, Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil *Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
+Corresponding
author:
jandrade@cpqrr.fiocruz.br
Financial
support:
Capes,
Secretaria
de
Vigilância
em
Saúde
Received
23
March
2007
Accepted
20
June
2007
Code
Number:
oc07118
The present paper describes a new phlebotomine species, Evandromyia gaucha sp. nov., based on seven females found in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species belong to rupicola series and differs from other sand flies of the genus Evandromyia due to the presence of a rounded spermatheca head with its size very close to that of the spermatheca body.
Key words: Evandromyia gaucha sp. nov. - Evandromyia s. str. - Aldamyia - leishmaniasis
Phlebotomine sand flies are Nematocera diptera, responsible for the maintenance of leishmaniasis transmission between animals, including humans. In Brazil, the disease causes a range of public health damages and it has been the focus of investigations aimed to reveal its epidemiological aspects, including its vectors.
The phlebotomine fauna is little studied in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where a number of 19 species are known (Dias et al. 1997, Silva & Grunewald 1999, Silva et al. 2004). Insect collections carried out in the last four years in some municipalities of this state by one of us (GD Souza) revealed three more phlebotomine species, Evandromyia cortelezzii (Brèthes, 1923), Evandromyia edwardsi (Mangabeira, 1941), and Lutzomyia gaminarai (Cordero, Vogelsang & Cossio, 1928). It is possible that this number does not represent the whole species diversity in the state, since few investigations on sand fly fauna have been reported in scientific literature.
In order to further knowledge on the sand fly fauna in Rio Grande do Sul, collections were performed in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul and among other species one was found to be a new phlebotomine sand fly.
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
The
sand fly specimens were collected with three CDC light traps in
a riparian forest along the stream of Santa Bárbara, in the
locality of 2nd district of Santa Bárbara, a rural zone in
the municipality of Caçapava do Sul, state of Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil. Collections were undertaken in the periods between
4 and 6 January 2005, and 4 and 8 January 2006, during 12 h (between
6 pm to 6 am). In the periods of insect captures, temperatures were
measured and they ranged from 22ºC to 30ºC in 2005, and from 15ºC
to 30ºC in 2006. After being prepared and mounted on glass slides
using Berlese liquid, the material was sent to the National and
International Reference Center for Phlebotomines of the Centro de
Pesquisas René Rachou-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The
new species was measured under light microscopy (Olympus CH-2) adapted
with a micrometer objective lens in light chamber (Olympus). Measurements
were provided in micrometer and the terminology follows McAlpine
(1981). The species was named Evandromyia gaucha sp. nov
after the " gauchos ", i.e. the people born in the state of Rio
Grande do Sul.
DESCRIPTION
Evandromyia gaucha sp. nov
(Figs 1-2, 3-4)
Phlebotomine
sand fly with a median size, 2576. Brown mesonotum and metanotum;
light pronotum and pleura, except for the postnotum with pale brown
katepisternum, katepimeron, and coxae.
Head - Measures: 405 (446 + 15; n = 6) long and 315 (333 + 21; n = 6)
wide. Eyes: length 157 (161 + 8; n = 5); width 83 (94 + 5; n = 5).
Clypeus 149 (164 + 9; n = 6) long. Antennae with simple ascoids
not reaching the following segment. Antennal formula: AIII-AXV 2,
AXVI 0. Flagellomere lengths: AIII = 281 (301 + 15; n = 6), AIV
= 116 (121 + 8; n = 6), AV = 124 (124 + 7; n = 6). AXV longer than
AXVI (n = 7). Papilla present on AIII, AV, and AXIII. Palpal formula:
1.4.2.3.5 (n = 7). Length of the palpomeres: P1 = 33 (34 + 3; n
= 6); P2 = 143 (154 + 7; n = 6); P3 = 154 (169 + 7; n = 6); P4 =
107 (118 + 9; n = 6); P5 = 327 (336 + 21; n = 5). P5 longer than
P3 + P4 or P2 + P3 or P2 + P4. Newstead's spines inserted medially
on palpomere 3, also present on its apical third portion. Labrum-epipharynx
281 (296 + 16; n = 6). Maxilla: lacinia with approximately five
teeth in a single longitudinal row. Labial suture united. Cibarium
with four horizontal teeth; two groups of approximately 10 vertical
teeth below of the outer horizontal teeth and two greater vertical
teeth below the inner horizontal teeth. Pigment patch absent. Arch
complete, but little pigment. Unarmed pharynx.
Cervix - Ventro-cervical sensillae present.
Thorax - Setae present on the anterior katepisternum margin. Pleura with
three (3-4; n = 6) proepimeral setae and 21 (19-23; n = 6) upper
anepisternal setae. Wing: lenght 2.081 (2.139 + 97; n = 5), maximum
width 574 (632 + 34; n = 5); main alar indices: alpha 495
(516 + 44; n = 6); beta 214 (229 + 21; n = 6); gamma 293 (294 + 22; n = 6); delta 112 (158 + 46; n = 6); R5 1.294
(1.360 + 75; n = 6). Legs with no special features. Length of femur,
tibia, tarsomere I and tarsomere II + III + IV + V: fore-legs 754
(810 + 42 n = 6), 821 (861 + 46; n = 6), 518 (542 + 26; n = 6),
675 (718 + 31; n = 6); mid-legs 754 (812 + 38; n = 6), 979 (1.063
+ 47; n = 6), 574 (621 + 30; n = 6), 698 (747 + 38; n = 6); hind-legs
821 (887 + 59; n = 5), 1.260 (1.386 + 108; n = 5), 664 (741 + 32;
n = 5), 743 (804 + 43; n = 4).
Abdomen - Cercus with no special features. Setae on the 8th tergite absent.
Spermatheca 52 long by 28 wide, with rounded body presenting little
striations laterally; the head of spermatheca with 28 long by 25
wide, being also rounded and well developed with its measurements
very similar to those of the body. Individual and common sperm ducts
were not visualized, nor was the junction of the individual duct
with the spermatheca.
Type-material - Holotype female collected with CDC light trap, in a riparian forest
along the stream of Santa Bárbara, in the locality of II
Distrito Santa Bárbara, a rural zone in the municipality
of Caçapava do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil on 8 January
2006 (Souza GD Col.). Two female paratypes with the same specifications
of the holotype; four female paratypes collected in the locality
on 4 January 2005. The material-type is deposited in the Phlebotomine
Collection of the Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz,
Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
TAXONOMIC
DISCUSSION
Among
the species that occur in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, all are
known by both male and female description with no taxonomic divergences
when genders are associated and the description of the new species
based only on female in the present article may be validated.
The
presence of ventro-cervical sensillae, setae on the anterior katepisternum
margin, papilla on the flagellomere AIII, AV, and AXIII are characteristic
of the genus Evandromyia Mangabeira, 1941 (Galati 2003).
This genus is divided into three subgenera: Evandromyia s. str., Aldamyia Galati, 1995 and Barrettomyia Martins &
Silva, 1968. Such separation may be based on differences found in
the cibarium. In Aldamyia, the vertical teeth are laterally
displayed, while in the other two subgenera, some teeth are located
in the central region (Galati 2003, Braga-Miranda & Galati 2005).
The
new species shows two vertical teeth centrally located in the cibarium,
which would make it similar to Barrettomyia and Evandromyia
s. str. ( rupicola series), mainly to Evandromyia correalimai (Martins, Coutinho & Luz, 1970), which also presents highly
transparent sperm ducts and occurs in the state of Rio Grande do
Sul; however, the spermatheca is very different from that found
in these two subgenera, and also from Aldamyia, whose spermatheca
is apple-like shaped. E. ( A. ) termitophila with annulated
spermathecae, is considered an exception of the subgenus; if the
new species is included in subgenus Aldamyia, this would
be the second exception regarding the spermatheca shape.
Based
on what has been exposed and considering the fact that none of the
spermatheca ducts could be visualized, we preferred not to include E. gaucha in any of the subgenera. Possibly, when a male
specimen of this species is described, it can be clustered in one
of the groups in the genus Evandromyia.
The
separation of this species of the others Neotropical phlebotomine
sand flies may be safely carried out through its spermatheca characterization.
The pattern of the body-head set of spermatheca is unique within
the subfamily Phlebotominae; furthermore, the spermatheca head size
is very close to that of the spermatheca body.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To Mr Aristites Geraldo Lobato Araújo for the shelter and authorization of the collections in its property.
REFERENCES
-
Braga-Miranda
LC, Galati EAB 2005. Description of the female of Evandromyia
( Aldamyia ) aldafalcaoae (Santos,
Andrade-Filho & Honer)
(Diptera:
Psychodidae,
Phlebotominae). Neotrop Entomol 34:
331-336.
-
Dias
ES, Falcão AL, Silva JE 1997. Notes on the sand fly fauna
(Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 92: 329-332.
-
Galati
EAB
2003.
Classificação
de
Phlebotominae.
In
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Rangel,
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Silva
OS, Grunewald J 1999. Contribution to the sand fly fauna (Diptera:
Phlebotominae) of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Leishmania (Viannia) infections. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 94: 579-582.
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Silva
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Copyright
2007
Instituto
Oswaldo
Cruz
-
Fiocruz
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Photo images
[oc07118f1-2.jpg]
[oc07118f3-4.jpg]
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