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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
ISSN: 1678-8060 EISSN: 1678-8060
Vol. 91, Num. 4, 1996, pp. 515-518
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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 91(4),
pp. 515-518. Jul/Aug 1996
Received 31 October 1995. Accepted 8 February 1996
Chromosome Numbers in the Triatominae (Hemiptera-
Reduviidae):
a Review
Francisco Panzera^+, Ruben Perez*, Sonia Hornos*, Yanina
Panzera, Rosario Cestau*, Veronica Delgado, Paula Nicolini
Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de la Republica, Tristan Narvaja 1674, 11200 Montevideo,
Uruguay *Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Medicina,
General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
^+Corresponding author. E-mail: panzera@ibiol.edu.uy.
Code Number: OC96098
Size of Files:
Text: 14.9K
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[TABLES AND FIGURES AT END OF TEXT]
The chromosome numbers of 46 out of the 122 currently
recognized species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are
summarized. We present the number of autosomes, the sex
mechanism and the first reference for each karyotype.
Key words: Chagas disease - cytogenetics - holocentric
chromosomes -Triatominae
The subfamily Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae) includes 122
species of hematophagous insects and is divided into five
tribes and 15 genera. Schofield (1994) lists 118 species of
Triatominae, to which should now be added Belminus
laportei (Lent et al. 1995), Rhodnius stali (Lent
et al. 1993), Triatoma melanosoma (Lent et al. 1994),
and T. gomeznunezi (Martinez et al. 1994).
Triatomines present holocentric chromosomes, which do not have
a morphologically differentiated centromere. This feature,
together with their small size, hindered the progress in
studies of their cytogenetics, which, for a long time, were
restricted to descriptions of chromosome number and sex
mechanism with conventional staining.
In spite of their medical importance as vectors of Chagas
disease, chromosomal studies are limited to a small number of
species. Previous revisions reported the chromosome
complements (haploid and diploid) of 29 species (Ueshima 1966,
1979). The purpose of this report is to summarize the
chromosome numbers of the 46 cytogenetically studied species
up to date (Table). Four of them are described for the first
time in this paper (Rhodnius pallescens, Triatoma
melanosoma, T. picturata and T. tibiamaculata).
Table shows that triatomines have a high chromosomal
homogeneity. The most common number of autosomes (A) is 20,
with only three exceptions: Triatoma nitida and
Panstrongylus megistus (both with 18 A) and
T.rubrofasciata (22 A). Three sex mechanisms are found
in the males: XY (25 species), X1X2Y (19 species) and X1X2X3Y
(2 species). In order to verify these multiple sex mechanisms
it would be necessary to confirm them in females.
At present, species differentiation (Perez et al. 1992),
intraspecific variations (Panzera et al. 1992) and
evolutionary relationships (Panzera et al. 1995) can all be
better studied with the aid of banding techniques and the
detailed analysis of meiotic chromosome behaviour. This
cytogenetic approach is a useful tool for clarifying taxonomic
uncertainties, particularly in those groups of epidemiological
importance. These studies may allow the differentiation of
morphologically similar species such as those belonging to the
phyllosoma complex and sordida group. On the
other hand, different populations within a given species can
be identified. This could be the case for T.
brasiliensis and T. infestans from Bolivia, where
sylvatic and domestic populations may be distinguished on the
basis of their cytogenetic differences.
Acknowledgements
To Dr J Jurberg (Laboratorio Nacional e Interna-cional de
Referencia em Taxonomia de Triatomineos, Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) for providing many species
studied here. To Dr C Schofield and JP Dujardin for their
valuable comments on the manuscript.
This research is sponsored by CSIC, CONICYT, PEDECIBA
(Uruguay), equipment donation to the Government of Japan and
European Communities grants (TS3*CT 91-0029, TS3*CT 92-0092,
TS3*CT 92-0130).
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Table. Chromosome numbers reported in the subfamily
Triatominae
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Species 2n First reference
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Tribu: Rhodniini
Psammolestes coreodes 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
Rhodnius ecuadoriensis 22m=20A+XY Scvortzoff et al.1996
R. nasutus 22m=20A+XY Perez et al. 1992
R. neglectus 22m=20A+XY Barth 1956
22f=20A+XX Koshy 1979a
R. neivai 22m=20A+XY Koshy 1979b
22f=20A+XX Koshy 1979a
R. pallescens 22m=20A+XY This report
R. pictipes 22m=20A+XY Perez et al. 1992
22f=20A+XX Koshy 1979a
R. prolixus 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Koshy 1979a
R. robustus 22m=20A+XY Koshy 1979b
22m=20A+XX Koshy 1979a
Tribu: Triatomini
Dipetalogaster maximus 22m=20A+XY Ueshima 1966
Mepraia spinolai 23m=20A+X1X2Y Schofield et al.1996
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 Schofield et al.1996
Panstrongylus herrer 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
P. megistus 21m=18A+X1X2Y Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
P. tupynambai 23m=20A+X1X2Y Panzera et al. 1991
Paratriatoma hirsuta 22m=20A+XY Ueshima 1966
22f=20A+XX Ueshima 1966
Triatoma barberi 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 Ueshima 1966
T. brasiliensis 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Schreiber et al.1967
T. circummaculata 22m=20A+XY Scvortzoff et al.1996
T. delpontei 22m=20A+XY Ueshima 1966
22m=20A+XX Panzera et al. 1995
T. dimidiata^a 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
23f=20A+X1X2Y Panzera et al. 1994
T. eratyrusiformis 24m=20A+X1X2X3Y Ueshima 1966
T. gerstaeckeri 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
T. guasayana 22m=20A+XY Rebagliati et al.1995
T. infestans 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Schreiber et al. 1967
T. lecticularia 22m=20A+XY Ueshima 1966
22f=20A+XX Ueshima 1966
T. longipennis 23m=20A+X1X2Y Panzera et al. 1994
T. maculata 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Schreiber et al. 1967
T. matogrossensis 22m=20A+XY Perez et al. 1992
T. mazzottii 23m=20A+X1X2Y Panzera et al. 1994
T. melanosoma 22m=20A+XY This report
22f=20A+XX This report
T. nitida 21m=18A+X1X2Y Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
T. patagonica 22m=20A+XY Ueshima 1966
T. pallidipennis^a 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966, Panzera
et al. 1994
22m=20A+XY Koshy 1979c
T. peninsularis 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 Ueshima 1966
T. picturata 23m=20A+X1X2Y This report
T. platensis 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Panzera et al. 1995
T. protracta 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 Ueshima 1966
T. pseudomaculata 22m=20A+XY Schreiber et al. 1972
T. rubida 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
24m=20A+X1X1X2X2 Ueshima 1966
T. rubrofasciata 25m=22A+X1X2Y Manna 1950
T. rubrovaria 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22m=20A+XX Scvortzoff et al.1996
T. sanguisuga 23m=20A+X1X2Y Payne 1909
T. sinaloensis 23m=20A+X1X2Y Ueshima 1966
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 Ueshima 1966
T. sordida 22m=20A+XY Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
22f=20A+XX Schreiber et al. 1967
T. tibiamaculata 23m=20A+X1X2Y This report
24f=20A+X1X1X2X2 This report
T. vitticeps 24m=20A+X1X2X3Y Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
6f=20A+X1X1X2X2X3X3 Schreiber &
Pellegrino 1950
A: autosomes
m: male
f: female
a: two different sex mechanisms are reported for the same
species. Analysis of individuals (males and females) from
natural populations over the whole distribution range is
necessary to clarify chromosomal data.
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Copyright 1996 Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz
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