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Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
ISSN: 1678-8060 EISSN: 1678-8060
Vol. 93, Num. 2, 1998, pp. 187-188
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Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 93 (2), March 1998, pp.187-188
RESEARCH NOTE
Occurrence of Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923 and
Pseudoterranova sp. (Nematoda) in Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia
breviceps (De Blainvillei, 1838) (Physeteridae) in Northeastern Coast
of Brazil
Claudia Portes Santos/^+, Liliane Lodi*
Universidade Santa Ursula, ICBA, Rua Fernando Ferrari 75, 22231-040 Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
* Projeto Golfinhos, Caixa Postal 14.521, 22412-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil cpsantos@ax.apc.org
Received 9 June 1997; Accepted 23 October 1997
Code Number:OC98034
Sizes of Files:
Text: 6K
Graphics: No associated graphics files
Key words: Anisakis physeteris - Pseudoterranova sp. - Nematoda -
Kogia breviceps - Cetacea - Brasil
RESEARCH NOTE
An adult male pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps (De Blainvillei,
1838) (Physeteridae), 2.73 m long was found stranded on Cacimba do Padre
beach, Fernando de Noronha archipelago (3 degrees 51'S; 32 degrees 25'W),
Brazil on 2 May 1987. At necropsy, nematodes were collected from the
stomach, fixed in 70 GL alcohol and cleared in beechwood creosote. Their
identification was based on JT Davey (1971 J Helminthol 45: 51-72)
and D Gibson (1983 p. 321-338. In HM Platt and LF Khalil (eds), Concepts
in Nematode Systematics). Measurements were made with the use of a
calibrated filar micrometer with the range given in micrometers followed by
the mean in parenthesis, and number of specimens measured. Studied material
is deposited in the Helminthological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Twelve specimens of Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923 were studied
and measure 19.60-36.57 (24.90)12 long by 0.35-0.69 (0.51)12 wide. All
present typical lips 0.06-0.13 (0.09)7 long, anterior esophagus 1.79-2.87
(2.38)12 and posterior ventriculus 0.25-0.41 (0.35)12 long. The ratio of
esophagus/ventriculus is 6:1 - 9:1 (7.1)11. Nerve ring is at 0.32-0.51
(0.42)9 from anterior end. Subequal spicules measure 0.23-0.32 (0.26)4
long. Number of caudal papillae is variable reaching a total of 33 pairs:
25 precloacal, 3 adcloacal and 5 postclocal, 2 near the cloaca and 3 just
anterior to the posterior extremity. In females the vulva is 7.62-8.85
(8.6)5 from the anterior end. A single egg measures 0.09 long by 0.06 wide
(CHIOC no. 33.539).
All four specimens of Pseudoterranova sp. examined were immature,
measuring 7.39-10.16 (8.21)4 long by 0.27-0.33 (0.30)4 wide. Anterior
esophagus measure 0.87-1.45 (1.12)4; ventriculus 0.43-0.53 (0.47)3 and
intestinal caecum 0.50-0.53 (0.52)4. Lips are 0.04 x 0.06 (0.04 x 0.06)3.
Nerve ring is situated at 0.19-0.23 (0.20)4 from anterior end, at level of
excretory pore. The distance from anus to posterior tip is 0.09-0.20
(0.14)3 (CHIOC no. 35.540).
According to A Ross (1979 Ann Cape Prov Mus (Nat Hist) 11: 259-327)
the diet of K. breviceps consists basically of cephalopods and is
supplemented by crustaceans and pelagic fish. The stomach examined showed,
in addition to the nematodes, the presence of 36 cephalopod beaks (23
inferior and 13 superior) identified as five genera all from the family
Cranchiidae (Histioteuthis sp., Onychoteuthis banksi,
Enoploteuthis sp., Mastigoteuthis sp., Neoteuthis
thieli). Due to the fact that cephalopods are considered second
intermediate or paratenic hosts of Anisakis (JW Smith & R Wooten
1978 Adv Parasitol 16: 93-163) this information may give us an
indication of the parasites life cycle in this area.
According to previous authors (JA Raga 1994 p. 132-179. In D Robineau et
al. Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas, MD Dailey & WK Vogelbein
1991 Fish Bull US 89: 355-365, Davey 1971 loc. cit.) the list
of hosts for A. physeteris includes Physeter macrocephalus
(L., 1758) (=P. catodon), Globicephala melas (Traill, 1809)
(=G. ventricosus), Hyperodon ampullatus (Forster,
1770), Ziphius cavirostris (Cuvier, 1823), Balaenoptera
acutorostrata LacepIde,1804 and Kogia breviceps. All these hosts
have strictly oceanic habits, differing from those of Anisakis
typica (Diesing, 1860) and Anisakis simplex (Rud., 1809) that
have both oceanic and coastal habits. The genus Pseudoterranova was
previously reported from Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776),
Monodon monoceros L. 1758, Phocoena phocoena (L.,
1758), Delphinus delphis L., 1758, Lagenorhynchus
albirostris (Gray, 1846), B. acutorostrata, B. musculus (L.,
1758) and K. breviceps, all hosts with oceanic and coastal habits.
Previous studies on cetaceans' parasites from Brazil were reported by CP
Santos et al. (1996 J Helm Soc Wash 63: 149-152). This is the first
report of A. physeteris and Pseudoterranova sp. in K.
breviceps in northeastern Brazil and represents a new geographical
distribution for these parasites.
Acknowledgments: to Dr Herman Lent (Universidade Santa Úrsula) and
Dr Murray Dailey (University of New Mexico) that kindly commented on the
manuscript, to Dr Susan Candela (University of Miami) for the
identification of the cephalopod beaks and to Alexandre Filippini for the
collection of the sample.
Copyright 1998 Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz
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