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Indian Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 38, No. 3, May-June, 2006, pp. 207-208 Research Letter Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Sida cordifolia Linn Sutradhar RK, Matior Rahman AKM, Ahmad MU, Datta BK, Bachar SC, Saha A Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka - 1000 Code Number: ph06052 Sida cordifolia Linn is a herb belonging to the family Malvaceae . The water extract of the whole plant is used in the treatment of rheumatism.[1] Earlier, phytochemical studies of its roots have shown the presence of ephedrine, vasicinol, vasicinone and N-methyl tryptophan.[2] The objective of the current study is to evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of different extracts of S ida cordifolia Linn (SIC). The aerial parts of SIC were collected from the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. The air-dried powder of the plant (5.5 kg) was successively extracted with chloroform (3x72 h), methanol (3x72 h) and 80% ethanol (3x72 h). Chloroform and methanol extracts were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 40o C to yield extracts A and B, respectively. The 80% ethanol extract C was concentrated to one-third of its volume and was partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Evaporation of the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, under reduced pressure at 40oC, yielded the dry extracts D, E, F and G respectively. After acid base treatment, the methanol extract B afforded the basic extract H and the neutral extract I. Long Evans rats (150-200 g) and Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) of either sex were collected from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases and Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). The animals were kept in polyvinyl cages under controlled room temperature (25±2°C) for 7 days and supplied with ICDDR, B formulated food pellets and water ad libitum . No adverse effect or mortality was detected in the Swiss albino mice up to 4 g/kg, p.o., for any of the extract of SIC during the 24 h observation period. The pre-screened Swiss albino mice employed for the acetic acid induced writhing test[3] were divided into groups. [Table - 1] The inhibition of the writhing reflex in mice by the plant extracts ( p.o . at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, body weight) were compared against the standard analgesic, aminopyrine 50 mg/kg, p.o. The analgesic activity was assessed by calculating the number of writhing reflexes for 10 min, occurring immediately after 0.1 ml/10 g of intraperitoneal acetic acid (0.7%). In carrageenan induced rat paw edema[4] the rats were divided into groups. [Table - 2] Acute inflammation was produced by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% suspension of carrageenan with 2% gum acacia in normal saline, in the right hind paw of the rats, one hour after oral administration of the drugs. The paw volume was measured plethysmometrically (Ugo Basile, Italy) at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 h after the carrageenan injection. The plant extracts were given orally (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) in suspension form. Phenylbutazone suspended in 2% gum acacia at a dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o., was used as the standard antiinflammatory drug. The results were analyzed for statistical significance using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett′s test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. From the experimental data [Table - 1], it is found that the extracts A, B, D, E, F, H and I in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight showed significant inhibition of writhing reflexes i.e., (58.86, 66.53%), (45.56, 52.81%), (48.78, 55.64%), (26.20, 56.44%), (26.61, 52.43%), (43.55, 56.06%) and (41.13, 54.85%), respectively with the statistical significance of ( P < 0.01). Among the SIC, the maximum and minimum analgesic activity was exhibited by chloroform extract A and butanol extract G respectively. Results [Table - 2] show that the extracts A, B, F, G and H exhibited sufficient inhibition of paw edema of 33.61, 32.97, 34.46, 39.35 and 40.85%, respectively at the end of the fourth hour. The activities of different SIC extracts were comparable to the standard drug, phenylbutazone. In this experiment, the lower dose 100 mg/kg did not show any significant antiinflammatory activity (data not given). The exact mechanism(s) of the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of the extracts is/are yet to be elucidated. References
Copyright 2006 - Indian Journal of Pharmacology The following images related to this document are available:Photo images[ph06052t1.jpg] [ph06052t2.jpg] |
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