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Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research
Surgical Sciences Research Society, Zaria and Association of Surgeons of Nigeria
ISSN: 1595-1103
Vol. 8, Num. 3-4, 2006, pp. 177-178
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Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research, Vol. 8, No. 3-4, Jul-Dec, 2006, pp. 177-178
Anterior Abdominal wall Rhabdomyoma
mimicking fibroid: A Case Report
A.O Oguntayo, A.G Adesiyun
and P.I Onwuhafua
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria
Request for Reprints to
Dr AO Oguntayo Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAhmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria
Code Number: sr06044
Abstract
We report a case of a 27 year old Para 1+O
house wife who presented with a four months history of a rapidly increasing
tumor of the anterior abdominal wall. The abdomen was swollen to the size of a
16 weeks gravid uterus. At laparatomy a tumor measured 15cm by 10cm attached to
the posterior aspect of the rectus sheath. The resected mass proved on histology
to be Rhabdomyoma of the anterior abdominal wall. Rhabdomyoma is an
exceedingly rare tumor in females and when it does occur, it is found in the genitalia
(Genital Rhabdomyoma). The origin in the anterior rectus is extremely rare.
Introduction
Rhabdomyoma
is a very rare tumor in the female population1,2 Majority of these
tumors occur in the male usually affecting the head and neck region. In women,
it may be found in the genitalia, the so called (Genital rhabdomyoma).1,
2, 3, 4 The young and middle aged women are more commonly affected. 6
The skin and the heart can be affected at childhood. Rhabdomyoma is
documented to be asymptomatic and when it does present with symptoms they are
usually few and depend on the location of tumour.2, 3, , 5.There is
no predilection to any race.We report our experience in the management one
patient with an unusual case of Rhabdomyoma of the anterior abdominal wall
mimicking a uterine fibroid.
Case Report
A
27 year old Para 1+o, 1 alive house wife presented to our hospital
with a four months history of abdominal swelling which was rapidly increasing
in size with no associated pain or menstrual disorders. There were no
associated urinary or gastrointestinal symptoms. There was no associated loss
of weight since the onset. She had a previous caesarian section 2 years prior
to presentation due to fetal distress with no complications. Physical
examination revealed a young woman, not pale anicteric and well hydrated. She
had a suprapubic mass more towards the right iliac fossa arising from the pelvis
about 16cm above the pubic symphysis(16 weeks gestation). It was fixed, firm
to hard in consistency and non tender. A working diagnosis of a uterine Fibroid
was made. At abdominopelvic ultrasound scan a diagnosis of pedunculated
fibroid was made. Patient had laparotomy during which a hard well encapsulated
mass measuring 15cm by 10cm arising from the rectus sheath posteriorly was
excised. Histological report showed soft tissue tumor, composed of stratified
cells having moderate to abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; arranged in sheets
and inter-lacing bundles. The findings were consistent with rhabodomyoma of the
anterior abdominal wall. She did well and was discharged .She has remained
health on follow up.
Discussion
Rhabdomyoma
originates from striated muscle. There are two types of rhabdomyoma they are
neoplastic and hamartoma. Rhabdomyoma probably represents a genetic variant of
striated muscle development. Drugs or environmental factors have not been
identified as causes of this neoplasm1, 3. Rhabdomyoma is an
exceedingly rare tumor. Some investigators believe that mature striated muscle
is unlikely to develop tumorous tissue. Therefore they believe that rhabdomyoma
may arise from fetal rests3, 4,5.Rhabdomyoma is diagnosed most often
in men aged 25-40 years. However the so-called fetal rhabdomyoma chiefly
affects boys between birth and three years of age.3 Genital
rhabdomyoma most often involves the vagina or vulva of young or middle aged
women and most patients are asymptomatic. Some may present at the first time
with dysperunea. The genital rhabdomyoma usually presents as a polypoid or cyst
like mass involving the vulva and vagina.6 Most rhabdomyoma involves
the head and neck regions, while the cardiac rhabdomyoma (hamartoma) is usually
diagnosed in the pediatric age group4, 5.Differential diagnosis of
this tumor widely depends on its location: granular cell tumors, hibernoma, reticulohintiocyoma,
and uterine fibroid .The diagnosis is purely histological but pre-op imaging
techniques may help in separating the benign from the malignant or describe the
detail affectation of complex sites. MRI (Magnetic Resonant Imagining), CT scan
(computerized Tomography) and ultrasound scan (USS) are indispensible in cardiac
rhabdomyoma. A useful test that could be done is needle biopsies which is said
to reveal sufficient information towards making a diagnosis.
Treatment
Surgical
excision is the most effective treatment. There may be need for cardiac bypass
in the heart. Prognosis is generally good. Rhabdomuoma is a benigin tumour and
malignant conversion has not been reported. High risks may be encountered while
treating tumours in the heart were extensive resection is not practicable.
Conclusion
Rhabdomyoma
is a very rare tumor that could pose a diagnostic dilemma when it occurs in the
female outside the vulva and vagina. Total excision is effective treatment.
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Copyright 2006 - Nigerian Journal of Surgical Research
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