Banana (
Musa
spp.) residues were examined as organic inputs for cabbage (
Brassica oleracea
L.) production in Uganda with respect to yield and soil biological activities. Cabbage, cultivar Copenhagen, was cultivated on a Ferralsol of low inherent fertility, with (15 t ha
-1 dw) or without banana residues and hand-weeding. Two additional treatments included application of fertiliser (100 kg N, 50 kg P and 100 kg K ha
-1) with weeding and surface mulching with black polythene (no nutrient inputs). Rankings of cabbage yields by management practice were consistent in both seasons, following the order of fertilised + weeded > banana mulched + weeded > plastic mulched > weeded > banana mulched > unmulched + unweeded. Hand-weeding increased yields by 9.3 t ha
-1 (fresh weight). Combined banana mulching and hand-weeding resulted in an additional 12.5 t ha
-1, but this increase was 15.1 t ha
-1 less than that from application of fertiliser. Surface mulching with banana residues was not effective in weed suppression or moisture conservation but increased earthworm population densities. Banana pseudostems decayed more rapidly than leaves, and excluding soil macrofauna from both decaying tissues delayed decomposition. Plastic mulching increased cabbage yields by 14.9 t ha
-1 over the unweeded treatment and improved soil moisture status, but this material is not widely available to smallholder farmers in Uganda. Farmers who seek to improve vegetable production can utilise banana residues as nutrient inputs only in combination with effective weeding; although the nutrients applied through banana mulch may not be utilised effectively compared to chemical fertilisers.