Background: Prior studies on Hysterosalpingography (HSG) have shown that pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) related tubal
adhesions accounted for 30 – 50% of female infertility, with as high as 80% reported in some studies. With improved access to
contraceptives, antibiotics and promotion of safe practices, the abnormal findings in HSG may have reduced or altered.
Objective: To document the imaging findings in the HSG of participants and to compare current findings with prior studies
done nationally and internationally.
Method: A retrospective evaluation of 974 HSGs done at the tertiary diagnostic center over a 7-year period was conducted and
analyzed using diagnostic accuracy tables.
Results: Tubal pathologies were the most common abnormality in this study, (35.1% of the cases), comprising tubal blockage
and hydrosalpinges; followed by uterine masses seen in 223 (22.9%) of the clients. Tubal occlusion was higher in clients with
multiple abnormal findings; .while normal sized and large uterine cavities had a higher percentage of bilateral tubal patency.
Conclusion: Tubal factors remain the most common abnormality seen in the HSGs of infertile women in this study, though
with lower prevalence compared with prior older studies. Forty seven (47%) of the cases of female factor infertility had normal
HSGs with bilateral tubal patency.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.9
Cite as: Omidiji OAT, Toyobo OO, Adegbola O, Fatade A, Olowoyeye OA. Hysterosalpingographic findings in infertility – what has changed over
the years? Afri Health Sci.2019;19(2): 1866-1874. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.9 
