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An insight into microbial lipases and their environmental facet
Kanmani, P.; Aravind, J. & Kumaresan, K.
Abstract
Lipases are serine hydrolases that catalyze the
hydrolysis and synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and
long-chain fatty acids, by acting at the oil–water interface.
Lipases from microbial sources have received heightened
attention for an array of industrial applications, and these
enzymes have been well exploited in the environmental
sector as well. In this article, we present an overview of
microbial lipase, including the microorganisms from which
it could be produced; the application of recombinant DNA
technology tools to produce lipase with enhanced properties,
the effective use of waste materials as substrates for
lipase production; the usage of statistical tools to efficiently
optimize the production medium; lipase purification strategies;
and the immobilization of the enzyme on a variety of
support materials. The next section of the article provides a
gist of its application in diversified spheres and focusses
exclusively on the environmentally relevant ones. Lipasecatalyzed
esterification, transesterification, and interesterification
reactions, an emerging area of green chemistry;
lipase-mediated in vitro biopolymer synthesis and degradation;
and the application of lipase for remediating fat and
oil constituents in wastewater are dealt with in-depth.
When its full potential is harnessed, the enzyme could play
a pivotal role in environmental management.
Keywords
Microbial sources; Recombinant lipases; Immobilization; Biopolymers; Bioremediation
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